甘油单硬脂酸酯

  • 基本信息
  • 制备方法及用途
  • 物化性质
  • 安全信息
  • 毒理性
  • MSDS
  • 海关数据
  • 结构与计算化学

甘油单硬脂酸酯 基本信息

中文名称:
甘油单硬脂酸酯 
中文别名:
单硬脂酸甘油酯;
甘油单硬脂酸酯 
英文名称:
Glycerin monoste-arate
英文别名:
Glyceryl monostearate;
Glycerol monostearate 
CAS No.:
31566-31-1
分 子 式:

C21H42O4

分 子 量:
358.56
精确分子量:
358.30800
PSA:
66.76000
EINECS:
204-664-4
危险品标志:

 

风险术语:

 

安全术语:

 

分子结构式:
SDS:
查看

甘油单硬脂酸酯 制备方法及用途

制备方法

1、由甘油与硬脂酸酯化而得。将硬脂酸、甘油和氢氧化钠加入反应锅内,加热熔融后开动搅拌,通入氮气。加热,在185℃反应7h,反应结束时pH应小于5。降温出料,得甘油单硬脂酸酯。每吨产品消耗硬脂大于82kg,甘油(95%以上)235kg。2、直接酯化法硬脂酸和甘油按1:(1.2~1.3)的摩尔比,在0.2%的酸性催化剂作用下,在180~250℃:反应2~4h;反应物速冷至100℃,加碱中和催化剂,用水洗涤后得含单酯40%~60%的产品。酯交换法硬脂酸甘油酯与甘油在0.06%~0.1%的Cu(OH)2存在下,在170~240℃反应1~2h,反应过程中通入氮气进行保护,反应物经减压脱臭、酸中和、精制后得到含单酯40%~60%的产品。缩水甘油皂化法缩水甘油与硬脂酸在四乙基碘化铵的催化下,在100~130℃反应30~70min,反应物精制后可得含单酯80%~90%的产品。环氧氯丙烷相转移催化法环氧氯丙烷与硬脂酸钠(2:1,摩尔比)在甲苯中,在相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵的催化下,在90~110℃反应2h;反应物用氯化钠溶液洗涤,分取有机相,蒸馏除去甲苯和未反应的环氧氯丙烷得硬脂酸缩水甘油酯,将其用0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液水解,经分离、干燥,用正己烷重结晶得产品,单酯含量在90%以上。含量40%~60%的单酯产品经分子蒸馏可得到90%以上的高浓度产品。硬脂酸和甘油、催化剂加入反应釜中进行醇解反应后,降温,中和催化剂,除去未反应甘油,经压片或喷雾干燥制得。3.硬脂酸和甘油、催化剂加入反应釜中进行醇解反应后,除去未反应甘油,经压片或喷雾干燥制得。4.将原料硬化油熔化后加入醇解釜内即开始升温,升温至110℃时加入配比量的甘油和碱性催化剂,继续升温至210℃时记反应时间,控制升温速度,在2~3 h内升温至22℃时反应结束。然后急速降温至120℃放料。整个过程用时5~6 h。可制得单甘酯5 0% ( 5 2%~5 4%)以上的反应混合物。将粗单甘酯经精馏可制得精单甘酯。

合成制备方法

1、   由甘油与硬脂酸酯化而得。将硬脂酸、甘油和氢氧化钠加入反应锅内,加热熔融后开动搅拌,通入氮气。加热,在185℃反应7h,反应结束时pH应小于5。降温出料,得甘油单硬脂酸酯。每吨产品消耗硬脂大于82kg,甘油(95%以上)235kg。

2、   直接酯化法
硬脂酸和甘油按1:(1.2~1.3)的摩尔比,在0.2%的酸性催化剂作用下,在180~250℃:反应2~4h;反应物速冷至100℃,加碱中和催化剂,用水洗涤后得含单酯40%~60%的产品。
酯交换法
硬脂酸甘油酯与甘油在0.06%~0.1%的Cu(OH)2存在下,在170~240℃反应1~2h,反应过程中通入氮气进行保护,反应物经减压脱臭、酸中和、精制后得到含单酯40%~60%的产品。
缩水甘油皂化法
缩水甘油与硬脂酸在四乙基碘化铵的催化下,在100~130℃反应30~70min,反应物精制后可得含单酯80%~90%的产品。
环氧氯丙烷相转移催化法
环氧氯丙烷与硬脂酸钠(2:1,摩尔比)在甲苯中,在相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵的催化下,在90~110℃反应2h;反应物用氯化钠溶液洗涤,分取有机相,蒸馏除去甲苯和未反应的环氧氯丙烷得硬脂酸缩水甘油酯,将其用0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液水解,经分离、干燥,用正己烷重结晶得产品,单酯含量在90%以上。含量40%~60%的单酯产品经分子蒸馏可得到90%以上的高浓度产品。

用途简介

可用于食品及医药杀菌剂,其抗菌活性强,抗菌谱广,能用于肉制品、乳制品、啤酒、酱油等的防腐,也可用于橘、桃、荔枝等水果的保鲜。甘油单月桂酸酯可与淀粉和蛋白质形成复合物而降低抗菌效果,对革兰氏阴性菌几乎无效,而与其他杀菌剂如山梨酸钾等复配效果很好,故多用于复合配方中可作乳化剂、助乳化剂、稳定剂和保鲜剂等。用于食品加工中作面包软化剂,豆制品的消泡,在乳制品、人造奶油、糕点中作乳化剂和稳定剂,一般用量 3%~ 5%;作酱油、豆乳和乳酸饮料的消泡剂时用量 1%;还用于配制化妆品膏、霜及乳液,在医药工业中作栓剂基剂和药物载体等。可作乳化剂、助乳化剂、稳定剂和保鲜剂等。用于工业丝油剂的乳化剂和纺织品的润滑剂;在塑料薄膜中用作流滴剂和防雾剂;在塑料加工中作润滑剂和抗静电剂;在医药工业中作栓剂基剂和药物载体等。还用于配制化妆品膏、霜及乳液。乳制品、人造奶油、糕点中参考用量 3%~ 5%;酱油、豆乳和乳酸饮料的消泡剂用量 1%用于日用化学制品。HLB> 7是 W/O型乳状液的乳化剂,是膏霜类产品的理想原料,也用于制药,是配制中性药膏的原料。

用途

1.可用于食品及医药杀菌剂,其抗菌活性强,抗菌谱广,能用于肉制品、乳制品、啤酒、酱油等的防腐,也可用于橘、桃、荔枝等水果的保鲜。甘油单月桂酸酯可与淀粉和蛋白质形成复合物而降低抗菌效果,对革兰氏阴性菌几乎无效,而与其他杀菌剂如山梨酸钾等复配效果很好,故多用于复合配方中

2.可作乳化剂、助乳化剂、稳定剂和保鲜剂等。用于食品加工中作面包软化剂,豆制品的消泡,在乳制品、人造奶油、糕点中作乳化剂和稳定剂,一般用量0.3%~0.5%;作酱油、豆乳和乳酸饮料的消泡剂时用量0.1%;还用于配制化妆品膏、霜及乳液,在医药工业中作栓剂基剂和药物载体等。

3.可作乳化剂、助乳化剂、稳定剂和保鲜剂等。用于工业丝油剂的乳化剂和纺织品的润滑剂;在塑料薄膜中用作流滴剂和防雾剂;在塑料加工中作润滑剂和抗静电剂;在医药工业中作栓剂基剂和药物载体等。还用于配制化妆品膏、霜及乳液。乳制品、人造奶油、糕点中参考用量0.3%~0.5%;酱油、豆乳和乳酸饮料的消泡剂用量0.1%

4.用于日用化学制品。HLB>3.7是 W/O型乳状液的乳化剂,是膏霜类产品的理想原料,也用于制药,是配制中性药膏的原料。

甘油单硬脂酸酯 物化性质

外观与性状:
白色至奶油色片/珠子
密度:
0.958 g/cm3
熔点:
78-81 °C
沸点:
476.9ºC at 760 mmHg
闪点:
151.9ºC
存储条件/存储方法:

塑料桶或木桶包装,贮存于阴凉通风的库房中。

稳定性相关:

1.如果遵照规格使用和储存则不会分解,未有已知危险反应,避免氧化物。不溶于水,分散于热水中。

2.溶于热乙醇、矿物油、苯、丙酮和醚等热的有机溶剂中。有良好的乳化性。

其它信息:

1.         性状:白色至淡乳色的蜡状固体,具有刺激性和好闻的脂肪气味,无毒,可燃。

2.         密度(g/mL,20℃):0.97

3.         相对蒸汽密度(g/mL,空气=1):未确定

4.         熔点(ºC):58-59

5.         沸点(ºC,常压):未确定

6.         沸点(ºC,KPa):未确定

7.         折射率:未确定

8.         闪点(ºC):未确定

9.         比旋光度(º):未确定

10.      自燃点或引燃温度(ºC):未确定

11.      蒸气压(Pa,20ºC):未确定

12.      饱和蒸气压(KPa,20ºC):未确定

13.      燃烧热(KJ/mol):未确定

14.      临界温度(ºC):未确定

15.      临界压力(KPa):未确定

16.      油水(辛醇/水)分配系数的对数值:未确定

17.      爆炸上限(%,V/V):未确定

18.      爆炸下限(%,V/V):未确定

19.      溶解性:在水和醇中几乎不溶,可分散在热水中,极易溶于热的醇、石油和烃类中。

甘油单硬脂酸酯 安全信息

海关代码:
2915709000
WGK_Germany:
1
德国有关水污染物质的分类清单

甘油单硬脂酸酯 毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
RG1925000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
31566-31-1
LAST UPDATED :
199712
DATA ITEMS CITED :
6
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C21-H42-O4
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
358.63
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
Q1YQYQOV17

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD277-689 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 10 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 82942 No. of Facilities: 7090 (estimated) No. of Industries: 44 No. of Occupations: 73 No. of Employees: 159230 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 82942 No. of Facilities: 2638 (estimated) No. of Industries: 41 No. of Occupations: 68 No. of Employees: 110894 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 66857 (estimated)
毒理学数据:

1、急性毒性:小鼠腹腔LC50:200mg/kg

生态数据:

通常对水是稍微有危害的,若无政府许可,勿将材料排入周围环境。

甘油单硬脂酸酯 MSDS


Section 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification
    Glyceryl Monostearate        Catalog    
    GL153, GL155, GL141,
    Common Name/
    Number(s).
    GL149
    Trade Name
    Glyceryl Monostearate

Section 4. First Aid Measures
    Eye Contact        Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at    
    least 15 minutes. Get medical attention if irritation occurs.
    Skin Contact        Wash with soap and water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Get medical attention if irritation develops.    
    Serious Skin Contact        Not available.    
    Inhalation        If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get    
    medical attention.
    Serious Inhalation        Not available.    
    Ingestion        Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an    
    unconscious person. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight
    clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.
    Serious Ingestion        Not available.    

Section 5. Fire and Explosion Data
    Flammability of the Product May be combustible at high temperature.
    Auto-Ignition Temperature Not available.
    Flash Points        OPEN CUP: >260°C (500°F) (Cleveland.).    
    Flammable Limits        Not available.    
    Products of Combustion        These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2).    
    Fire Hazards in Presence of Slightly flammable to flammable in presence of heat.
    Various Substances        Non-flammable in presence of shocks.    
    Explosion Hazards in Presence Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available.
    Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available.
    of Various Substances
    SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder.
    Fire Fighting Media
    and Instructions        LARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use water jet.    
    Not available.
    Special Remarks on
    Fire Hazards
    Special Remarks on Explosion Not available.
    Hazards

Section 6. Accidental Release Measures
    Small Spill        Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by    
    spreading water on the contaminated surface and dispose of according to local and regional authority
    requirements.
    Large Spill        Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water    
    on the contaminated surface and allow to evacuate through the sanitary system.
    Glyceryl Monostearate

Section 7. Handling and Storage
    Precautions        Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not    
    breathe dust.
    Storage        Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Sensitive to light. Store in    
    light-resistant containers.

Section 8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
    Engineering Controls        Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below    
    recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to
    airborne contaminants below the exposure limit.
    Personal Protection
    Safety glasses. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.
    Personal Protection in Case of Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used
    a Large Spill        to avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist    
    BEFORE handling this product.
    Exposure Limits        Not available.    

Section 9. Physical and Chemical Properties
    Physical state and appearance Solid. (Flakes solid. Waxy solid.)        Odor        Not available.    
    Taste        Not available.    
    Molecular Weight        358.63 g/mole    
    Color        White. Off-white.    
    pH (1% soln/water)        Not available.    
    Boiling Point        >260°C (500°F)    
    Melting Point        58°C (136.4°F)    
    Critical Temperature        Not available.    
    Not available.
    Specific Gravity
    Vapor Pressure        Not applicable.    
    Vapor Density        Not available.    
    Volatility        Not available.    
    Odor Threshold        Not available.    
    Not available.
    Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.
    Ionicity (in Water)        Not available.    
    Not available.
    Dispersion Properties
    Solubility        Insoluble in cold water, hot water.    

Section 10. Stability and Reactivity Data
    Stability        The product is stable.    
    Not available.
    Instability Temperature
    Conditions of Instability        Excess heat, incompatible materials, light    
    Incompatibility with various        Not available.    
    substances
    Corrosivity        Not available.    
    Glyceryl Monostearate
    Special Remarks on        Light sensitive.    
    Reactivity
    Special Remarks on        Not available.    
    Corrosivity
    Polymerization        Will not occur.    

Section 11. Toxicological Information
    Routes of Entry        Inhalation. Ingestion.    
    Toxicity to Animals        Acute oral toxicity (LD50): >12800 mg/kg [Rat].    
    Chronic Effects on Humans Not available.
    Other Toxic Effects on        Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation.    
    Humans
    Special Remarks on        Not available.    
    Toxicity to Animals
    Special Remarks on        Not available.    
    Chronic Effects on Humans
    Special Remarks on other        Acute Potential Health Effects:    
    Toxic Effects on Humans        May cause skin, eye, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract irritation    

Section 12. Ecological Information
    Ecotoxicity        Not available.    
    BOD5 and COD        Not available.    
    Products of Biodegradation        Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may    
    arise.
    The product itself and its products of degradation are not toxic.
    Toxicity of the Products
    of Biodegradation
    Special Remarks on the        Not available.    
    Products of Biodegradation

Section 13. Disposal Considerations
    Waste Disposal        Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental    
    control regulations.

Section 14. Transport Information
    DOT Classification        Not a DOT controlled material (United States).    
    Identification        Not applicable.    
    Special Provisions for        Not applicable.    
    Transport
    DOT (Pictograms)
    Glyceryl Monostearate

Section 15. Other Regulatory Information and Pictograms
    TSCA 8(b) inventory: Glyceryl Monostearate
    Federal and State
    FDA: Direct Food Additives GRAS list (21CFR 184.1324): Listed as Glyceryl Monostearate
    Regulations
    FDA: Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) list: Listed as Glyceryl Monostearate
    FEMA: Generally Recognized as Safe List: Listed as Glyceryl Monostearate
    California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found
    California
    to cause cancer which would require a warning under the statute: No products were found.
    Proposition 65
    Warnings
    California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found
    to cause birth defects which would require a warning under the statute: No products were found.
    Other Regulations        EINECS: This product is on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS No.    
    250-705-4).
    Canada: Listed on Canadian Domestic Substance List (DSL).
    China: Listed on National Inventory.
    Japan: Not listed on National Inventory (ENCS).
    Korea: Listed on National Inventory (KECI).
    Philippines: Listed on National Inventory (PICCS).
    Australia: Listed on AICS.
    Other Classifications        WHMIS (Canada) Not controlled under WHMIS (Canada).    
    DSCL (EEC)        This product is not classified according Not applicable.    
    to the EU regulations.
    Health Hazard
    HMIS (U.S.A.)        1 National Fire Protection    
    1 Flammability
    1 Association (U.S.A.)
    Fire Hazard
    1 0 Reactivity
    Health
    Reactivity
    0
    Specific hazard
    Personal Protection
    E
    WHMIS (Canada)
    (Pictograms)
    DSCL (Europe)
    (Pictograms)
    TDG (Canada)
    (Pictograms)
    ADR (Europe)
    (Pictograms)
    Protective Equipment
    Gloves.
    Lab coat.
    Glyceryl Monostearate
    Dust respirator. Be sure to use an
    approved/certified respirator or
    equivalent.


SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

甘油单硬脂酸酯 海关数据

中国海关编码:2915709000

概述:
2915709000. 棕榈酸及其盐和酯、硬脂酸盐、酯. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:13.0%. 监管条件:无. 最惠国关税:5.5%. 普通关税:30.0%
申报要素:
品名, 成分含量, 用途, 硬脂酸和软脂酸的含量
摘要/Summary:
2915709000. palmitic acid and its salts and esters. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:5.5%. General tariff:30.0%

甘油单硬脂酸酯 分子结构与计算化学数据

分子结构数据

1、   摩尔折射率:104.14

2、   摩尔体积(cm3/mol):374.0

3、   等张比容(90.2K):923.2

4、   表面张力(dyne/cm):37.1

5、   介电常数:

6、   偶极距(10-24cm3):

7、   极化率:41.28

计算化学数据

1、   疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):7.4

2、   氢键供体数量:2

3、   氢键受体数量:4

4、   可旋转化学键数量:20

5、   互变异构体数量:

6、   拓扑分子极性表面积(TPSA):66.8

7、   重原子数量:25

8、   表面电荷:0

9、   复杂度:281

10、同位素原子数量:0

11、确定原子立构中心数量:0

12、不确定原子立构中心数量:1

13、确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14、不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15、共价键单元数量:1

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