甲苯

  • 基本信息
  • 制备方法及用途
  • 物化性质
  • 安全信息
  • 毒理性
  • MSDS
  • 结构与计算化学
  • 下游产品
  • 表征图谱

甲苯 基本信息

中文名称:
甲苯 
中文别名:
甲苯;
苯基甲烷;
甲基苯 
英文名称:
Benzene,methyl-
英文别名:
toluene;
Toluene;
methylbenzol;
Benzene,methyl;
Toluen;
Toluene,AcroSeal,Extra Dry ove;
Methylbenzene-12C7;
methacide;
Phenylmethane 
CAS No.:
108-88-3
分 子 式:

C7H8

分 子 量:
92.14
精确分子量:
92.06260
PSA:
0.00000
MDL:
MFCD00008512
EINECS:
203-625-9
BRN:
635760
InChI:
InChI=1/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3
危险品标志:

FlammableFHarmfulXnToxicT

风险术语:

R11;R38;R65;R63;R67;R23/24/25;

安全术语:

S36/37;S46;S62;S45;

分子结构式:
SDS:
查看

甲苯 制备方法及用途

制备方法

1.煤焦化副产的粗苯馏分中含甲苯15-20%,曾经是甲苯主要来源,生产每吨焦炭可回收甲苯1.1-1.3kg。从50年代开始,世界甲苯主要来源已由焦化副产转变为催化重整和烃类裂解,1982年,石油甲苯已占总产量的96%以上。催化重整油中含芳烃50-60%(体积),其中甲苯含量可达40-45%;裂解汽油中芳烃含量为70%(质量)左右,其中15-20%是甲苯。2.炼焦副产回收苯 高温炼焦副产的高温焦油中,含有一部分苯。首先经初馏塔初馏,塔顶得轻苯,塔底得重苯(重苯用作制取古马隆树脂的原料)。轻苯先经初馏塔分离,塔底混合馏分经酸碱洗涤除去杂质,然后进吹苯塔蒸吹,再经精馏塔精馏得纯苯。3.铂重整法 用常压蒸馏得到的轻汽油(初馏点约138℃),截取大于65℃馏分,先经含钼催化剂,催化加氢脱出有害杂质,再经铂催化剂进行重整,用二乙二醇醚溶剂萃取,然后再逐塔精馏,得到苯、甲苯、二甲苯等产物。4.用常压蒸馏得到的轻汽油(初馏点约138℃),截取大于65℃馏分,先经含钼催化剂,催化加氢脱出有害杂质,再经铂催化剂进行重整,用二乙二醇醚溶剂萃取,然后再精馏,得到苯、甲苯、二甲苯等产物。5.在甲苯中慢慢加入98%的硫酸,混匀并使噻吩反应完全,静置0.5h,分出下层酸液,硫酸试验合格,酸洗结束。然后用蒸馏水充分洗涤至硫化合物含量合格。若不合格,用15%~20%的氢氧化钠溶液洗涤,再用水洗至酸碱度合格,分去水层后加入无水氯化钙脱水。最后进行蒸馏,收集110~111℃馏分,即为成品。

合成制备方法

1.煤焦化副产的粗苯馏分中含甲苯15-20%,曾经是甲苯主要来源,生产每吨焦炭可回收甲苯1.1-1.3kg。从50年代开始,世界甲苯主要来源已由焦化副产转变为催化重整和烃类裂解,1982年,石油甲苯已占总产量的96%以上。催化重整油中含芳烃50-60%(体积),其中甲苯含量可达40-45%;裂解汽油中芳烃含量为70%(质量)左右,其中15-20%是甲苯。

2.炼焦副产回收苯 高温炼焦副产的高温焦油中,含有一部分苯。首先经初馏塔初馏,塔顶得轻苯,塔底得重苯(重苯用作制取古马隆树脂的原料)。轻苯先经初馏塔分离,塔底混合馏分经酸碱洗涤除去杂质,然后进吹苯塔蒸吹,再经精馏塔精馏得纯苯。

3.铂重整法 用常压蒸馏得到的轻汽油(初馏点约138℃),截取大于65℃馏分,先经含钼催化剂,催化加氢脱出有害杂质,再经铂催化剂进行重整,用二乙二醇醚溶剂萃取,然后再逐塔精馏,得到苯、甲苯、二甲苯等产物。

4.用常压蒸馏得到的轻汽油(初馏点约138℃),截取大于65℃馏分,先经含钼催化剂,催化加氢脱出有害杂质,再经铂催化剂进行重整,用二乙二醇醚溶剂萃取,然后再精馏,得到苯、甲苯、二甲苯等产物。

5.在甲苯中慢慢加入98%的硫酸,混匀并使噻吩反应完全,静置0.5h,分出下层酸液,硫酸试验合格,酸洗结束。然后用蒸馏水充分洗涤至硫化合物含量合格。若不合格,用15%~20%的氢氧化钠溶液洗涤,再用水洗至酸碱度合格,分去水层后加入无水氯化钙脱水。最后进行蒸馏,收集110~111℃馏分,即为成品。

用途简介

甲苯是芳香族碳氢化合物的一员,它的很多性质与苯很相像,在现今实际应用中常常替代有相当毒性的苯作为有机溶剂使用,还是一种常用的化工原料,可用于制造炸药、农药、苯甲酸、染料、合成树脂及涤纶等。同时它也是汽油的一个组成成分。

用途

1.广泛用作有机溶剂和合成医药、涂料、树脂、染料、炸药和农药等的原料,用作色谱分析标准物质和分析试剂。

2.甲苯可用作生产苯和许多其他化工产品的原料。如油漆、清漆、亮漆、粘合剂及油墨制造业及天那水配方用之稀释剂 ,树脂溶剂;化学及制造业用之溶剂;尤以萃取及脱脂两工序最为适合。另也为化学合成用之原料。还可用作汽油的 掺合组分以提高辛烷值,也是涂料、油墨和硝酸纤维素的溶剂。由甲苯生产的一系列中间体,称甲苯系中间体。化工 方面主要用以生产苯及二甲苯,其下游主要产品是硝基甲苯、苯甲酸、氯化苄、间甲酚、甲苯二异氰酸酯等,还可生 产很多农药和医药中间体。另外,甲苯具有优异的有机物溶解性能,是一种有广泛用途的有机溶剂。甲苯容易发生氯 化,生成苯—氯甲烷或苯三氯甲烷,它们都是工业上很好的溶剂;它还容易硝化,生成对硝基甲苯或邻硝基甲苯,它 们都是染料的原料;它还容易磺化,生成邻甲苯磺酸或对甲苯磺酸,它们是做染料或制糖精的原料。甲苯的蒸汽与空 气混合形成爆炸性物质,因此它可以制造梯思梯炸药。

3.植物成分浸出剂。大量用作溶剂和高辛烷值汽油添加剂。

4.用作分析试剂,如作溶剂、萃取分离剂、色谱分析试剂。还用作清洗剂,并用于染料、香料、苯甲酸等有机合成。

5.用于掺和汽油组成及作为生产甲苯衍生物、炸药、染料中间体、药物等的主要原料。[30]

甲苯 物化性质

外观与性状:
无色透明液体,有类似苯的芳香气味。
密度:
0.866
熔点:
-95 °C
沸点:
111 °C
闪点:
40 °F
水溶解性:
0.5 g/L (20 ºC)
折射率:
n/D 1.496(lit.)
蒸汽密度:
3.2 (vs air)
存储条件/存储方法:
0-6°C
稳定性相关:

1.在强氧化剂如高锰酸钾、重铬酸钾、硝酸的氧化作用下,被氧化成苯甲酸。在催化剂存在下,用空气或氧气氧化也得到苯甲酸。在硫酸存在下,40℃以下用二氧化锰氧化得到苯甲醛。在镍或铂作催化进行还原反应,生成甲基环己烷。用三氯化铝或三氯化铁作催化剂,甲苯与卤素反应生成邻位和对位卤代甲苯。在加热和光照下,与卤素反应则生成苄基卤。与硝酸反应生成邻位和对位硝基甲苯。若用混酸(硫酸+硝酸)硝化可得到2,4-二硝基甲苯;继续硝化生成2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(T.N.T.)。甲苯与浓硫酸或发烟硫酸发生磺化反应生成邻位和对位甲基苯磺酸。在三氯化铝或三氟化硼的催化作用下,甲苯与卤代烃、烯烃、醇发生烷基化反应,得到烷基甲苯的混合物。甲苯与甲醛和盐酸作用发生氯甲基化反应,生成邻位或对位甲基苄基氯。

2.稳定性[26]  稳定

3.禁配物[27]   强氧化剂、酸类、卤素等

4.聚合危害[28]  不聚合

其它信息:

1.性状:无色透明液体,有类似苯的芳香气味。[1]

2.熔点(℃):-94.9[2]

3.沸点(℃):110.6[3]

4.相对密度(水=1):0.87[4]

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):3.14[5]

6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):3.8(25℃)[6]

7.燃烧热(kJ/mol):-3910.3[7]

8.临界温度(℃):318.6[8]

9.临界压力(MPa):4.11[9]

10.辛醇/水分配系数:2.73[10]

11.闪点(℃):4(CC);16(OC)[11]

12.引燃温度(℃):480[12]

13.爆炸上限(%):7.1[13]

14.爆炸下限(%):1.1[14]

15.溶解性:不溶于水,可混溶于苯、乙醇、乙醚、氯仿等多数有机溶剂。[15]

16.黏度(mPa·s,0ºC):0.773

17.黏度(mPa·s,20ºC):0.5866

18.闪点(ºC,闭口):4.4

19.闪点(ºC,开口):7.2

20.蒸发热(KJ/mol, 25ºC):38.01

21.蒸发热(KJ/mol, b.p.):33.49

22.熔化热(KJ/mol):6.624

23.生成热(KJ/mol,气体):50.032

24.生成热(KJ/mol,液体):12.004

25.比热容(KJ/(kg·K),25ºC,定压):1.1266

26.沸点上升常数:3.33

27.电导率(S/m):1.4×10-14

28.热导率Kt =K20[1+α(t -20)],α=-1.44×10-3(W/(m·K)):0.3823×10-3

29.体膨胀系数(K-1,10~30ºC):0.00107

30.临界密度(g·cm-3):0.292

31.临界体积(cm3·mol-1):316

32.临界压缩因子:0.264

33.偏心因子:0.264

34.Lennard-Jones参数(A):5.9706

35.Lennard-Jones参数(K):379.83

36.溶度参数(J·cm-3)0.5:18.346

37.van der Waals面积(cm2·mol-1):7.42×109

38.van der Waals体积(cm3·mol-1):59.510

39.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-3948.1

40.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1) :50.2

41.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :320.99

42.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):122.3

43.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):103.75

44.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-3910.07

45.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1):12.18

46.液相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :220.96

47.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):114.00

48.液相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):157.09

甲苯 安全信息

包装等级:
II
风险类别:
3
海关代码:
2902300000
WGK_Germany:
2
德国有关水污染物质的分类清单
危险类别码:
R11:Highly Flammable.R38:Irritating to the skin.R48/20:Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation .R63:Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.R65:Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed.R67:Vapors
安全说明:
S36/37-S46-S62-S45
RTECS号:
XS5250000
安全标志:
S16:远离火源。
S25:避免接触眼睛。
S29:不要将残余物倾入排水口。
S33:采取防护措施防止静电发生。
S45:出现意外或者感到不适,立刻到医生那里寻求帮助(最好带去产品容器标签)。
S46:万一发生不慎吞咽,立刻寻求医生的建议(展示产品容器或者标签)。
S62:如果不慎吞咽,不要催吐;立刻找医生诊治并出示产品容器或标签。
:
危险标志:
F,Xn,T

甲苯 毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
XS5250000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Toluene
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
108-88-3
LAST UPDATED :
199801
DATA ITEMS CITED :
127
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C7-H8
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
92.15
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
1R

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Rinsed with water
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
50 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
200 ppm
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS Behavioral - antipsychotic Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
100 ppm
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - changes in psychophysiological tests
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
636 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
49 gm/m3/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1332 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1960 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
6900 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
400 ppm/24H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
59 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
2250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
55000 ppm/40M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
14100 uL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
130 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
1600 ppm
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - irritability
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION :
920 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
4 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
30 gm/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
1750 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
42380 mg/kg/49D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - changes in cochlear structure or function Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
27645 mg/kg/3W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
162 gm/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1600 ppm/20H/7D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
12000 ppm/10M/8W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
300 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2500 ppm/6.5H/15W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - changes in heart weight Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1500 ppm/6H/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Biochemical - Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative) - dopamine in striatum
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
320 ppm/24H/30D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
10500 mg/kg/7D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - changes in cochlear structure or function Behavioral - alteration of operant conditioning
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
300 mg/m3/5H/21D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2200 ppm/8H/23W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia Musculoskeletal - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
11058 ug/kg/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
227 gm/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
2940 mg/kg/4W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Immunological Including Allergic - decreased immune response
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
12000 ppm/10M/8W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1250 ppm/6H/14W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1000 ppm/6H/20D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
8400 mg/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified) Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
50 mg/m3/4H/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
7280 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
1500 mg/m3/24H
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
1000 mg/m3/24H
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
2000 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
800 mg/m3/6H
SEX/DURATION :
female 14-20 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
1200 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
female 9-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
9 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
15 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
30 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
500 mg/m3/24H
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
1000 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
female 2-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
400 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
200 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
1 gm/m3/24H
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-20 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - abortion
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
100 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
800 mg/m3/6H
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - mouse
REFERENCE :
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,106,1985 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 188 mg/m3 (50 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,79,1989 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,79,1989 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,79,1989 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,373,1971 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,549,1977 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,75,1978 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 11(5),549,1977 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 6(1),77,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW TIHEEC Toxicology and Industrial Health. (Princeton Scientific Pub. Co., POB 2155, Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 1985- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,49,1988 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8, 1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,407,1981 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (375 mg/m3) (skin) DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,29,1973 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 200 ppm;CL 300;Pk 500/10M CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 200 ppm (750 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 200 ppm (750 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 200 ppm (750 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 100 ppm (375 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (560 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 100 ppm (377 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (565 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 50 ppm (190 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 100 ppm (375 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (375 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (560 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 100 ppm (380 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 100 mg/m3;STEL 300 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 100 ppm (380 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (375 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 100 ppm (375 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 100 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 100 ppm;STEL 50 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (400 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 100 ppm (380 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 200 ppm;STEL 300 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 200 ppm (750 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (375 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO TOLUENE-air:10H TWA 100 ppm;STEL 150 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 73300 No. of Facilities: 125516 (estimated) No. of Industries: 412 No. of Occupations: 206 No. of Employees: 1589482 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 73300 No. of Facilities: 128510 (estimated) No. of Industries: 399 No. of Occupations: 232 No. of Employees: 2015881 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 391255 (estimated)
毒理学数据:

1、刺激性:人经眼:300ppm ,引起刺激。家兔经皮:500mg,中度刺激。

2、急性毒性:大鼠经口LD50:5000mg/kg;小鼠吸入LC50:20003mg/m3/8H

3、兔径皮LD5O:12124mg/kg

4、具有麻醉作用,对皮肤的刺激作用比苯强,吸入甲苯蒸气时,对中枢神经的作用也比苯强烈。吸入8小时浓度为376~752mg/m3的甲苯蒸气时,会出现疲惫、恶心、错觉、活动失灵、全身无力、嗜睡等症状。短时间吸入2256mg/m3浓度的甲苯蒸气时,会引起过度疲惫、激烈兴奋、恶心、头痛等。长期吸入低浓度的甲苯蒸气时,造成慢性中毒,引起食欲减退、疲劳、白血球减少、贫血。甲苯还可经皮肤吸收,溶解皮肤中的脂肪,应避免与皮肤直接接触。纯制品未见对造血系统的影响及染色体损伤作用。嗅觉阈浓度140mg/m3。TJ36—79规定车间空气中最高容许浓度为100mg/m3。

5.急性毒性[16]

LD50:636mg/kg(大鼠经口);12124mg/kg(兔经皮)

LC50:49g/m3(大鼠吸入,4h);30g/m3(小鼠吸入,2h)

6.刺激性[17]

家兔经皮:500mg,中度刺激。

家兔经眼:300ppm,引起刺激。

7.亚急性与慢性毒性[18]  大鼠、豚鼠吸入390mg/m3,每天8h,90~127d,引起造血系统和实质性脏器改变。

8.致突变性[19]  微核试验:小鼠经口200mg/kg。细胞遗传学分析:大鼠吸入5400μg/m3(16周)(间歇)。姐妹染色单体交换:人吸入252μg/L(19a)。非程序DNA合成:大肠杆菌1%。

9.致畸性[20]   雌性大鼠孕后7~20d吸入最低中毒剂量(TCLo)1800ppm,致中枢神经系统发育畸形。雌性小鼠孕后6~15d经口染毒最低中毒剂量(TCLo)8700mg/kg,致颅面部(包括鼻、舌)发育畸形。雌兔孕后6~18d吸入最低中毒剂量(TCLo)100ppm(6h),致泌尿生殖系统发育畸形。

10.其他[21]  大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度():1.5g/m3(24h)(孕1~18d用药),致胚胎毒性和肌肉发育异常。小鼠吸入最低中毒浓度()500mg/m3(24h)(孕6~13d用药),致胚胎毒性。

生态数据:

1.该物质对环境有严重危害,对空气、水环境及水源可造成污染,对鱼类和哺乳动物应给予特别注意。可被生物和微生物氧化降解。

2.生态毒性[22]  LC50:34.27mg/L(96h)(黑头呆鱼);57.68mg/L(96h)(金鱼);313mg/L(48h)(水蚤);9.5mg/L(96h)(草虾)

3.生物降解性[23]

好氧生物降解(h):96~528

厌氧生物降解(h):1344~5040

4.非生物降解性[24]

光解最大光吸收波长范围(nm):253.5~268

水中光氧化半衰期(h):321~1284

空气中光氧化半衰期(h):10~104

5.生物富集性[25]  BCF:90(金鱼);13(鳗鱼)

甲苯 MSDS

  甲苯(1mg/mL的甲醇溶液)[用于水分析]

模块 1. 化学品
    产品名称:      Toluene (1mg/mL in Methanol) [for Water Analysis]    

模块 2. 危险性概述
  GHS分类
     物理性危害
    易燃液体      第2级    
     健康危害
    急性毒性(经口)      第5级    
  严重损伤/刺激眼睛      2A类    
    生殖毒性      1B类    
    特异性靶器官毒性      视觉系统, 中枢神经系统    
  - 单一接触 [第1级]
    特异性靶器官毒性        呼吸道刺激,麻醉作用    
  - 单一接触 [第3级]
    特异性靶器官毒性      视觉系统, 中枢神经系统    
  - 单一接触 [第1级]
     环境危害        未分类    
  GHS标签元素
     图标或危害标志
     信号词        危险    
     危险描述        高度易燃液体和蒸气    
    吞咽可能有害。
    造成严重眼刺激
    可能损害生育能力或胎儿
    对器官引起损害: 视觉系统 中枢神经系统
    可能因延长或接触对器官产生损害: 视觉系统 中枢神经系
    统
    可能造成呼吸刺激
    可能会导致嗜睡或头晕
     防范说明
  甲苯(1mg/mL的甲醇溶液)[用于水分析]

模块 2. 危险性概述
  [预防]        使用前获取特定手册。    
    处理前必须阅读并理解所有安全措施。
  远离热源/火花/明火/热表面。禁烟。
    保持容器密闭。
  使用防爆的电气/通风/照明设备。采取预防措施以防静电和火花引起的着火。
    切勿吸入。
    只能在室外或通风良好的环境下使用。
    使用本产品时切勿吃东西,喝水或吸烟。
    处理后要彻底清洗双手。
  穿戴防护手套/护目镜/防护面具。
  [急救措施]        吸入:将受害者移到新鲜空气处,在呼吸舒适的地方保持休息。    
    眼睛接触:用水小心清洗几分钟。如果方便,易操作,摘除隐形眼镜。继续冲洗。
  眼睛接触:求医/就诊
  皮肤接触:立即去除/脱掉所有被污染的衣物。用水清洗皮肤/淋浴。
  如接触到或相关接触:求医/就诊。
  [储存]        存放于通风良好处。保持容器密闭。    
    存放处须加锁。
  [废弃处置]      根据当地政府规定把物品/容器交与工业废弃处理机构。    

模块 3. 成分/组成信息
  单一物质/混和物        混和物    
  化学名(中文名):      甲苯(1mg/mL的甲醇溶液)[用于水分析]    
    百分比:      ....    
  CAS编码:      108-88-3    
    分子式:      C7H8    

模块 4. 急救措施
    吸入:      将受害者移到新鲜空气处,保持呼吸通畅,休息。求医/就诊。    
    皮肤接触:      立即去除/脱掉所有被污染的衣物。用大量肥皂和水轻轻洗。    
  求医/就诊。
    眼睛接触:        用水小心清洗几分钟。如果方便,易操作,摘除隐形眼镜。    
  求医/就诊。
    食入:      求医/就诊。漱口。    
    紧急救助者的防护:        救援者需要穿戴个人防护用品,比如橡胶手套和气密性护目镜。    

模块 5. 消防措施
    合适的灭火剂:        干粉,泡沫,大量水,二氧化碳    
    特定方法:        从上风处灭火,根据周围环境选择合适的灭火方法。    
    非相关人员应该撤离至安全地方。
  周围一旦着火:喷水,保持容器冷却。如果安全,消除一切火源。
    消防员的特殊防护用具:        灭火时,一定要穿戴个人防护用品。    

模块 6. 泄漏应急处理
    个人防护措施,防护用具,      使用特殊的个人防护用品(自携式呼吸器)。远离溢出物/泄露处并处在上风处。确保    
    紧急措施:        足够通风。    
    泄露区应该用安全带等圈起来,控制非相关人员进入。
    环保措施:        防止进入下水道。    
    控制和清洗的方法和材料:        回收到密闭容器前用干砂或惰性吸收剂吸收泄漏物。一旦大量泄漏,筑堤控制。附着    
    物或收集物应该根据相关法律法规废弃处置。
  甲苯(1mg/mL的甲醇溶液)[用于水分析]

模块 6. 泄漏应急处理
    副危险性的防护措施        移除所有火源。一旦发生火灾应该准备灭火器。使用防火花工具和防爆设备。    

模块 7. 操作处置与储存
    处理
    技术措施:      在通风良好处进行处理。穿戴合适的防护用具。防止烟雾产生。远离热源/火花/明火    
  /热表面。禁烟。采取措施防止静电积累。使用防爆设备。处理后彻底清洗双手和脸。
    注意事项:        如果可能,使用封闭系统。如果蒸气或浮质产生,使用通风、局部排气。    
    操作处置注意事项:        避免所有部位的接触!    
    贮存
    储存条件:        保持容器密闭。存放于凉爽、阴暗、通风良好处。    
    存放处须加锁。
    远离不相容的材料比如氧化剂存放。
    包装材料:        依据法律。    

模块 8. 接触控制和个体防护
    工程控制:        尽可能安装封闭体系或局部排风系统。同时安装淋浴器和洗眼器。    
    接触极限:      (Methanol)    
  ACGIH TLV(TWA):200 ppm (skin)
  ACGIH TLV(STEL):250 ppm (skin)
  OSHA PEL(TWA):200 ppm
    个人防护用品
     呼吸系统防护:      半面罩或全面罩呼吸器,自携式呼吸器(SCBA),供气呼吸器等。依据当地和政府法    
    规,使用通过政府标准的呼吸器。
     手部防护:        防渗手套。    
     眼睛防护:        护目镜。如果情况需要,佩戴面具。    
     皮肤和身体防护:        防渗防护服。如果情况需要,穿戴防护靴。    

模块 9. 理化特性
    液体
  外形(20°C):
    气味:        无资料    
  pH:        无数据资料    
    熔点:        无资料    
  (Methanol) -98°C
  沸点/沸程        无资料    
  (Methanol) 64°C
    闪点:        无资料    
  (Methanol) 12°C
    爆炸特性
     爆炸下限:        无资料    
     爆炸上限:        无资料    
    密度:      0.79    
    溶解度:
  [水]        无资料    
  [其他溶剂]        无资料    
  log 水分配系数 =      (Methanol) -0.82/-0.66    

模块 10. 稳定性和反应性
    化学稳定性:        一般情况下稳定。    
    危险反应的可能性:        未报道特殊反应性。    
  甲苯(1mg/mL的甲醇溶液)[用于水分析]

模块 10. 稳定性和反应性
    避免接触的条件:      火花, 明火, 静电    
    须避免接触的物质        氧化剂    
  危险的分解产物:      一氧化碳, 二氧化碳    

模块 11. 毒理学信息
    急性毒性:        无资料    
  (Methanol)
  orl-hmn LDLo:143 mg/kg
  orl-rat LD50:5600 mg/kg
  ihl-rat LC50:64000 ppm/4H
  skn-rbt LD50:15800 mg/kg
    对皮肤腐蚀或刺激:        无资料    
  (Methanol)
  skn-rbt 20 mg/24H MOD
    对眼睛严重损害或刺激:        无资料    
  (Methanol)
  eye-rbt 40 mg MOD
    生殖细胞变异原性:        无资料    
  (Methanol)
  dni-hmn-lym 300 mmol/L
  mmo-smc 12 pph (-S9)
  mmo-mus-lym 7900 mg/L (+S9)
  cyt-mus-ipr 75 mg/kg
    致癌性:
  IARC =      3 (无法对人类的致癌性进行分类)。    
  NTP =        无资料    
    生殖毒性:        无资料    

模块 12. 生态学信息
    生态毒性:
    鱼类:        无资料    
    甲壳类:        无资料    
    藻类:        无资料    
  残留性 / 降解性:        无资料    
  潜在生物累积 (BCF):        无资料    
    土壤中移动性
   log水分配系数:        无资料    
   土壤吸收系数 (Koc):        无资料    
     亨利定律        无资料    
  constant(PaM3/mol):

模块 13. 废弃处置
    如果可能,回收处理。请咨询当地管理部门。建议在装有后燃和洗涤装置的化学焚烧炉中焚烧,焚烧时需要特别注
    意该物质是高度可燃的。废弃处置时请遵守国家、地区和当地的所有法规。

模块 14. 运输信息
    联合国分类:      第3类 易燃液体 。    
    副危险性:      第6.1类:毒害品    
  UN编号:      1230    
    正式运输名称:        甲醇    
  甲苯(1mg/mL的甲醇溶液)[用于水分析]

模块 14. 运输信息
    包装等级:      II    

模块 15. 法规信息
  《危险化学品安全管理条例》(2002年1月26日国务院发布,2011年2月16日修订): 针对危险化学品的安全使用、
    生产、储存、运输、装卸等方面均作了相应的规定。
  《危险化学品名录(2002版)》CN编号:32052


模块16 - 其他信息
N/A

甲苯 分子结构与计算化学数据

分子结构数据

1、摩尔折射率:31.07

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):105.7

3、等张比容(90.2K):244.9

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):28.8

5、介电常数:2.38

6、极化率:12.32

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):无

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:0

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积0

7.重原子数量:7

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:42

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

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