超氧化钾

  • 基本信息
  • 制备方法及用途
  • 物化性质
  • 安全信息
  • 毒理性
  • MSDS
  • 结构与计算化学

超氧化钾 基本信息

中文名称:
超氧化钾 
中文别名:
二氧化钾;
过氧化钾;
超氧化钾 
英文名称:
Potassium superoxide(K(O2))
英文别名:
Potassium Superoxide;
Potassium superoxide;
Potassium dioxide;
Potassium superoxide,catalyzed granules,3.5-5 mesh 
CAS No.:
12030-88-5
分 子 式:

KO2

分 子 量:
71.09
精确分子量:
70.95350
PSA:
23.06000
MDL:
MFCD00082411
EINECS:
234-746-5
危险品标志:

OxidizingOCorrosiveC

风险术语:

R14;R35;R8

安全术语:
S17;S26;S36/37/39;S45;S8
分子结构式:
SDS:
查看

超氧化钾 制备方法及用途

制备方法

用作氧气再生剂,主要作为海军潜艇、宇宙飞船舱的氧源用于高空飞行或其他需要人工氧源的地方。与卤烷或对甲苯磺酸酯反应,生成醇、分解醋而不分解酰胺。氧化分解酮、a一二酮、a一经酮、a一卤酮等。与酰氯反应生成过氧化酞。氧化芳胺、酚、肼衍生物等。

合成制备方法

氧化法金属钾与除去油、水和二氧化碳的压缩空气进行氧化反应,制得超氧化钾。将溶解于液氨中的钾在-30~50℃下用氧气氧化,可以制得超氧化钾。其反应式:

图I-14  超氧化物的制备装置如下:

a—容器头部;

b—毛细管;

c—接头;

d—磨口盖;

e—反应容器将用KOH干燥过的氨气通入反应容器g中,约通2~3h将装置内的氧气全部排除。将干冰丙酮冷浴(约-50℃)套在容器e的外部,并将干冰丙酮冷却剂加入紧贴着反应器上部1/3处的环形铜槽内,冷却到-70~-80℃。当反应器下部1/3部分凝集了液氨时,就将一小块金属钾装入上面头部a中,将它用电热炉小心加热,将纯净的钾经过毛细管(直径约1mm)b滴入液氨中。铜槽的回流冷凝作用可以使回流的液氨将溅到器壁上的钾冲洗下来。当钾全部熔融并滴入液氨之后,将接头c快速取下,换上磨口盖d。切换三通旋塞通入氧气(O2预先经碱石灰、氯化钙、五氧化二磷干燥过)。最初生成K2O2白色沉淀,随后转变成砖红色,最后生成黄色的超氧化钾。大约4h后撤去冷浴,继续通入O2以带走挥发性的NH3气,抽真空并加热,并将其移入捕集器中。

用途简介

用途

1.用作氧气再生剂,主要作为海军潜艇、宇宙飞船舱的氧源用于高空飞行或其他需要人工氧源的地方。

2.与卤烷或对甲苯磺酸酯反应,生成醇、分解醋而不分解酰胺。氧化分解酮、a一二酮、a一经酮、a一卤酮等。与酰氯反应生成过氧化酞。氧化芳胺、酚、肼衍生物等。

超氧化钾 物化性质

外观与性状:
淡黄色粉末或大块
密度:
2,14 g/cm3
熔点:
400 °C
水溶解性:
reacts
蒸汽压:
322000mmHg at 25°C
存储条件/存储方法:
库房通风低温干燥,与燃料、有机物分开存放
稳定性相关:

常温常压下稳定在450~500 ℃充分熔融时为金黄色固体粉末。强氧化剂。吸湿性极强,与水激烈反应分解生成氧及碱性过氧化物溶液。与潮湿二氧化碳气反应生成碳酸钾和氧。

避免的物料 水分/湿 空气 氧化物 酸 碱金属 酒精。

其它信息:

1.       性状:黄色粉末

2.       密度(g/mL,25℃):2.14

3.       相对蒸汽密度(g/mL,空气=1):未确定

4.       熔点(ºC):380

5.       沸点(ºC,常压):未确定

6.       沸点(ºC,1mmHg):未确定

7.       折射率:未确定

8.       闪点(ºC):未确定

9.       比旋光度(º):未确定

10.    自燃点或引燃温度(ºC):未确定

11.    蒸气压(20ºC):未确定

12.    饱和蒸气压(kPa,60ºC):未确定

13.    燃烧热(KJ/mol):未确定

14.    临界温度(ºC):未确定

15.    临界压力(KPa):未确定

16.    油水(辛醇/水)分配系数的对数值:未确定

17.    爆炸上限(%,V/V):未确定

18.    爆炸下限(%,V/V):未确定

19.    溶解性:与水反应

超氧化钾 安全信息

包装等级:
I
风险类别:
5.1
海关代码:
2815300000
WGK_Germany:
3
德国有关水污染物质的分类清单
危险类别码:
R14;R35;R8
安全说明:
S17-S27-S36/37/39-S8-S45-S26
RTECS号:
TT6053000
危险标志:
O:Oxidizingagent;C:Corrosive;

超氧化钾 毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
TT6053000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Potassium superoxide
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
12030-88-5
LAST UPDATED :
199701
DATA ITEMS CITED :
4
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
K-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
71.10

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION :
12500 ug/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 184,217,1987
毒理学数据:

1.        致突变数据:人类细胞DNA修复测试,10mg/L;

主要的刺激性影响:

在皮肤上面:可能引起发炎

在眼睛上面:可能引起发炎

致敏作用:没有已知的敏化现象

生态数据:

通常对水体是稍微有害的,不要将未稀释或大量产品接触地下水,水道或污水系统,未经政府许可勿将材料排入周围环境。

超氧化钾 MSDS

Name: Potassium superoxide Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:
CAS: 12030-88-5
Section 1 - Chemical Product   MSDS Name:Potassium superoxide Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:

Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
CAS# Chemical Name content EINECS#
12030-88-5 Potassium superoxide 234-746-5
Hazard Symbols: O C
Risk Phrases: 14 35 8

Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
  EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Reacts violently with water. Causes severe burns. Contact with combustible material may cause fire.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Causes severe eye burns.
Skin:
Causes skin burns.
Ingestion:
Causes gastrointestinal tract burns. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.
Inhalation:
Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.
Chronic:
Not available.

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
  Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately.
Skin:
Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting. Get medical aid immediately.
Inhalation:
Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Notes to Physician:

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
  General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Oxidizer. Greatly increases the burning rate of combustible materials. Reacts violently with water.
Extinguishing Media:
Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. DO NOT USE WATER!

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
  General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Avoid generating dusty conditions.

Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
  Handling:
Do not breathe dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Use only in a chemical fume hood.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place. Keep container closed when not in use.
Keep away from water. Corrosives area.

Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
  Engineering Controls:
Use process enclosure, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to control airborne levels.
Exposure Limits CAS# 12030-88-5: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Not available.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize contact with skin.
Respirators:
A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant respirator use.

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
 
Physical State: Chunks
Color: yellow
Odor: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: Not available.
Freezing/Melting Point: Not available.
Autoignition Temperature: Not available.
Flash Point: Not available.
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature:
Solubility in water:
Specific Gravity/Density:
Molecular Formula: KO2
Molecular Weight: 71.0971

Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
  Chemical Stability:
Not available.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, contact with water, combustible materials.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Not available.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
  RTECS#:
CAS# 12030-88-5: TT6053000 LD50/LC50:
Not available.
Carcinogenicity:
Potassium superoxide - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.
Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
 

Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
  Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION
 
IATA
Shipping Name: POTASSIUM SUPEROXIDE
Hazard Class: 5.1
UN Number: 2466
Packing Group: I
IMO
Shipping Name: POTASSIUM SUPEROXIDE
Hazard Class: 5.1
UN Number: 2466
Packing Group: I
RID/ADR
Not regulated as a hazardous material.

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
 
European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: O C
Risk Phrases:
R 14 Reacts violently with water.
R 35 Causes severe burns.
R 8 Contact with combustible material may cause
fire.
Safety Phrases:
S 8 Keep container dry.
S 17 Keep away from combustible material.
S 26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately
with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves
and eye/face protection.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 12030-88-5: No information available.
Canada
CAS# 12030-88-5 is listed on Canada's NDSL List.
CAS# 12030-88-5 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 12030-88-5 is listed on the TSCA inventory.


SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

超氧化钾 分子结构与计算化学数据

计算化学数据

1、   氢键供体数量:1

2、   氢键受体数量:2

3、   可旋转化学键数量:0

4、   拓扑分子极性表面积(TPSA):43.3

5、   重原子数量:3

6、   表面电荷:0

7、   复杂度:2.8

8、   同位素原子数量:0

9、   确定原子立构中心数量: 0

10、   不确定原子立构中心数量:0

11、   确定化学键立构中心数量:0

12、   不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

13、   共价键单元数量:2

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