丙醇

  • 基本信息
  • 制备方法及用途
  • 物化性质
  • 安全信息
  • 毒理性
  • MSDS
  • 海关数据
  • 结构与计算化学
  • 上游产品
  • 下游产品
  • 表征图谱

丙醇 基本信息

中文名称:
丙醇 
中文别名:
丙醇;
天然正丙醇;
正丙醇;
1-丙醇 
英文名称:
1-Propanol
英文别名:
propan-1-ol;
Propanole;
propyl alcohol;
Propanol-1;
1-Propanol;
Optal;
n-propylalcohol;
PROPANOL;
Propanoli;
FEMA 2928;
n-C3H7OH;
albacol;
1-propyl alcohol;
Propanolen 
CAS No.:
71-23-8
分 子 式:
C3H8O
分 子 量:
60.09
精确分子量:
60.05750
PSA:
20.23000
MDL:
MFCD00002941
EINECS:
200-746-9
BRN:
1098242
InChI:
InChI=1/C3H8O/c1-2-3-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3
危险品标志:
F:Highly flammable
Xi:Irritant
风险术语:
R11; R41;
安全术语:
S16; S24; S26;
分子结构式:
SDS:
查看

丙醇 制备方法及用途

制备方法

1.从异丙醇副产物中回收法:丙烯直接水合制异丙醇时,副产正丙醇,从中回收制正丙醇。 2.环氧丙烷加氢法。 3.丙醛加氢法:由丙醛、丙烯醛加氢制正丙醇和烯丙醇。4.烯丙醇加氢法。5.甲醇法。6.乙烯羰基合成法。第三种方法为工业常用方法催化剂有钴和铑的羟基化合物、钌络合物、骨架催化剂(如镍、铜)等,最常用的是骨架催化剂。生产方法有气相加氢和平液相加氢两种工艺。气相加氢法的压力为0.7MPa左右,多采用铜系催化剂;液相加氢的压力为2~4MPa,多采用镍系催化剂。 4.由乙烯经羰基合成得丙醛,再经加氢后得正丙醇。或者以金属羰基化合物为催化剂,由乙烯和水直接生成正丙醇。也可以以丙烷或丁烷为原料,经液相氧化制得。 5.甲醇法 其反应式如下: 6.乙烯羰基合成法 其反应式如下: 7.以工业正丙醇为原料,先加入溴(每升正丙醇加溴水1.5ml),混合均匀后,粗蒸1次,所得粗品中加入少量碳酸钾进行精馏,取中间馏分,再加入干燥剂脱水,最后精馏所得中间馏分,即为纯品。

合成制备方法

1.从异丙醇副产物中回收法:丙烯直接水合制异丙醇时,副产正丙醇,从中回收制正丙醇。

2.环氧丙烷加氢法。

3.丙醛加氢法:由丙醛、丙烯醛加氢制正丙醇和烯丙醇。4.烯丙醇加氢法。5.甲醇法。6.乙烯羰基合成法。第三种方法为工业常用方法   催化剂有钴和铑的羟基化合物、钌络合物、骨架催化剂(如镍、铜)等,最常用的是骨架催化剂。生产方法有气相加氢和平液相加氢两种工艺。气相加氢法的压力为0.7MPa左右,多采用铜系催化剂;液相加氢的压力为2~4MPa,多采用镍系催化剂。

4.由乙烯经羰基合成得丙醛,再经加氢后得正丙醇。或者以金属羰基化合物为催化剂,由乙烯和水直接生成正丙醇。也可以以丙烷或丁烷为原料,经液相氧化制得。

5.甲醇法 其反应式如下:

6.乙烯羰基合成法 其反应式如下:

 

7.以工业正丙醇为原料,先加入溴(每升正丙醇加溴水1.5ml),混合均匀后,粗蒸1次,所得粗品中加入少量碳酸钾进行精馏,取中间馏分,再加入干燥剂脱水,最后精馏所得中间馏分,即为纯品。

用途简介

正丙醇直接用作溶剂或合成乙酸丙酯,在很多情况下可代替沸点比较低的乙醇,用于涂料溶剂、印刷油墨、化妆品等。用于生产医药、农药的中间体正丙胺,用于生产饲料添加剂、合成香料等。正丙醇在医药工业中用于生产丙磺舒、丙戊酸钠、红霉素、癫健安、粘合止血剂BCA、丙硫硫胺、2,5-吡啶二甲酸二丙酯等;用正丙醇合成的各种酯,用于食品添加剂、增塑剂、香料等许多方面,正丙醇的衍生物,特别是二正丙胺在医药、农药生产中有许多应用,用来生产农药胺磺灵、菌达灭、异丙乐灵、灭草猛、磺乐灵、氟乐录等。

用途

1.丙醇直接用作溶剂或合成乙酸丙酯,用于涂料溶剂、印刷油墨、化妆品等,用于生产医药、农药的中间体正丙胺,用于生产饲料添加剂、合成香料等。丙醇在医药工业中用于生产丙磺舒、丙戊酸钠、红霉素、癫健安、粘合止血剂BCA、丙硫硫胺、2,5-吡啶二甲酸二丙酯等;相丙醇合成的各种酯,用于食品添加剂、增塑剂、香料等许多方面;正丙醇的衍生物,特别是二正丙胺在医药、农药生产中有许多应用,用来生产农药胺磺灵、菌达灭、异丙乐灵、灭草猛、磺乐灵、氟乐录等。

2.用作植物油类、天然橡胶和树脂类、某些合成树脂以及乙基纤维素、聚乙烯缩丁醛的溶剂。还用于硝基喷漆、涂料、化妆品、牙科洗涤剂、杀虫剂、杀菌剂、油墨、塑料、防冻液、黏结剂等方面。

3.一般用作溶剂。可用于涂料溶剂、印刷油墨、化妆品等,用于生产医药、农药的中间体正丙胺,用于生产饲料添加剂、合成香料等。丙醇在医药工业、食品添加剂、增塑剂、香料等许多方面都有广泛应用。

4.用作溶剂及用于制药、油漆和化妆品等。[25]

丙醇 物化性质

外观与性状:
无色液体
密度:
0.896 g/mL at 25 °C
熔点:
-127 °C(lit.)
沸点:
97 °C(lit.)
闪点:
59 °F
水溶解性:
soluble
折射率:
n20/D 1.384(lit.)
蒸汽密度:
2.1 (vs air)
存储条件/存储方法:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放
稳定性相关:

1.能与水、醇等多种有机溶剂混溶,可溶解植物油、动物油、天然树脂及某些合成树脂。有类似乙醇的气味。对金属无腐蚀性。

2.化学性质:与乙醇相似,氧化生成丙醛,进一步氧化生成丙酸。用硫酸脱水生成丙烯。

3.属低毒类。生理作用和乙醇相似,麻醉性和对黏膜的刺激比乙醇略强。毒性也较乙醇大,杀菌能力比乙醇强三倍。嗅觉阈浓度73.62mg/m3。TJ 36-79规定车间空气中最高容许浓度为200mg/m3。

4.稳定性[21]  稳定

5.禁配物[22]  强氧化剂、酸酐、酸类、卤素

6.聚合危害[23]  不聚合

其它信息:

1.性状:无色液体,有醇味。[1]

2.熔点(℃):-127[2]

3.沸点(℃):97.1[3]

4.相对密度(水=1):0.80[4]

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):2.1[5]

6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):2.0(20℃)[6]

7.燃烧热(kJ/mol):-2021.3[7]

8.临界温度(℃):263.6[8]

9.临界压力(MPa):5.17[9]

10.辛醇/水分配系数:0.25[10]

11.闪点(℃):15[11]

12.引燃温度(℃):371[12]

13.爆炸上限(%):13.5[13]

14.爆炸下限(%):2.1[14]

15.溶解性:与水混溶,可混溶于乙醇、乙醚等多数有机溶剂。[15]

16.黏度(mPa·s,20ºC):2.26

17.蒸发热(KJ/kg,b.p.):680.8

18.熔化热(KJ/mol):5.20

19.生成热(KJ/mol):-300.9

20.比热容(KJ/(kg·K),20ºC,定压):2.45

21.沸点上升常数:1.59

22.电导率(S/m,18ºC):9.17×10-9

23.热导率(W/(m·K),20ºC):1.7166

24.体膨胀系数(K-1,20ºC):0.00107

25.相对密度(25℃,4℃):0.7998

26.常温折射率(n25):1.3837

27.临界密度(g·cm-3):0.276

28.临界体积(cm3·mol-1):218

29.临界压缩因子:0.252

30.偏心因子:0.628

31.Lennard-Jones参数(A):8.361

32.Lennard-Jones参数(K):223.0

33.溶度参数(J·cm-3)0.5:24.557

34.van der Waals面积(cm2·mol-1):6.280×109

35.van der Waals体积(cm3·mol-1):42.170

36.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):2068.65

37.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1) :-255.18

38.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :322.58

39.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-159.8

40.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):85.56

41.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-2021.12

42.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1):-302.71

43.液相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :192.80

44.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-168.78

45.液相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):143.8

丙醇 安全信息

包装等级:
II
风险类别:
3
海关代码:
2905121000
WGK_Germany:
1
德国有关水污染物质的分类清单
危险类别码:
R11;R41;R67
安全说明:
S7-S16-S24-S26-S39
RTECS号:
UH8225000
安全标志:
S7:保持容器紧密封闭。
S16:远离火源。
S24:避免接触皮肤。
S26:万一接触眼睛,立即使用大量清水冲洗并送医诊治。
S39:佩戴眼/面防护装置。
危险标志:
F:Flammable

丙醇 毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
UH8225000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Propyl alcohol
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
71-23-8
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
1098242
LAST UPDATED :
199806
DATA ITEMS CITED :
63
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C3-H8-O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
60.11
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
Q3

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Open irritation test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
5700 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1870 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
4000 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2164 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
590 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
6800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
48 gm/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
3125 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
4700 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
697 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
3 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - other changes Blood - hemorrhage
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
4 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - other changes Blood - hemorrhage
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
4008 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
2825 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
5040 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
515 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
3 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
483 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
4500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
1208 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
2338 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - general anesthetic Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
16800 mg/kg/28D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
7 mL/kg/7D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes Biochemical - Effect on specific coenzyme - B vitamins including folate
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
50 gm/kg/81W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - leukemia
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
6 gm/kg/95W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - leukemia
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
7000 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
male 6 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
7000 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
10000 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM :
Mold - Aspergillus nidulans
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 215,187,1989 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 614 mg/m3 (250 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 492 mg/m3 (200 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 200 ppm (490 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,217,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 200 ppm (492 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 100 mg/m3;STEL 200 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 200 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 150 ppm (350 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm (all isomers) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO PROPYL ALCOHOL-air:TWA 200 ppm (Sk);STEL 250 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M0256 No. of Facilities: 18176 (estimated) No. of Industries: 151 No. of Occupations: 103 No. of Employees: 122603 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M0256 No. of Facilities: 17036 (estimated) No. of Industries: 130 No. of Occupations: 99 No. of Employees: 226129 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 84196 (estimated)
毒理学数据:

1.急性毒性[16]

LD50:1870mg/kg(大鼠经口);6800mg/kg(小鼠经口);2825mg/kg(兔经口);5040mg/kg(兔经皮)

LC50:48000mg/m3(小鼠吸入)

2.刺激性[17]

家兔经皮:500mg,轻度刺激(开放性刺激试验)。

家兔经眼:20mg(24h),中度刺激。

3.其他[18]  LDLo:女性1870mg/kg

生态数据:

1.生态毒性[19]

LC50:4.10~4.88g/L(96h)(黑头呆鱼)

IC50:255~3100mg/L(72h)(藻类)

2.生物降解性  暂无资料

3.非生物降解性[20]   空气中,当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×105个/cm3时,降解半衰期为2.9d(理论)。

丙醇 MSDS

国标编号: 32064
CAS: 71-23-8
中文名称: 1-丙醇
英文名称: 1-propyl alcohol;n-propanol
别 名: 正丙醇
分子式: C3H7O;CH3CH2CH2OH
分子量: 60.10
熔 点: -127℃ 沸点:97.1℃
密 度: 相对密度(水=1)0.80;
蒸汽压: 15℃
溶解性: 与水混溶,可混溶于醇、醚等多数有机溶剂
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 无色液体
危险标记: 5(不燃气体),7(易燃液体)
用 途: 用作溶剂及用于制药、油漆和化妆品等

2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害
 侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
  健康危害:接触高浓度蒸气出现头痛、倦睡、共济失调以及眼、鼻、喉刺激症状。口服可致恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、倦睡、昏迷甚至死亡。长期皮肤接触可致皮肤干燥、皲裂。
二、毒理学资料及环境行为
毒性:属低毒类。
  急性毒性:LD501870mg/kg(大鼠经口);5040mg/kg(兔经皮);LC5048000mg/m3(小鼠吸入)
亚急性和慢性毒性:兔经皮38ml/kg/日×30天,1/3死亡。
致癌性:大鼠经口最小中毒剂量50g/kg,间断,致癌阳性;大鼠皮下最小中毒剂量6g/kg,间断,致癌阳性。
危险特性:易燃,其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。与氧化剂接触发生化学反应或引起燃烧。在火场中,受热的容器有爆炸危险。其蒸气比空气重,能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方,遇明火会引着回燃。
  燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳。

3.现场应急监测方法:

4.实验室监测方法:
气相色谱法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版),杭士平主编
重铬酸钾氧化滴定法《化工企业空气中有害物质测定方法》,化学工业出版社

5.环境标准:
中国(TJ36-79) 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 200mg/m3
前苏联(1977) 大气质量标准 0.3mg/m3
前苏联(1975) 水体中有害物质最高允许浓度 0.25mg/L
  嗅觉阈浓度 30ppm


6.应急处理处置方法:

一、泄漏应急处理

迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区,并进行隔离,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器,穿消防防护服。尽可能切断泄漏源,防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏:用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可以用大量水冲洗,洗液稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏:构筑围堤或挖坑收容;用泡沫覆盖,降低蒸气灾害。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内。回收或运至废物处理场所处置。


二、防护措施
  呼吸系统防护:空气中浓度超标时,应该佩戴滤式防毒面罩(半面罩)。
  眼睛防护:一般不需要特殊防护,高浓度接触时可戴化学安全防护眼镜。
身体防护:穿防静电工作服。
  手防护:戴乳胶手套。
  其它:工作现场严禁吸烟。保持良好的卫生习惯。
三、急救措施
皮肤接触:脱去被污染的衣着,用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。
眼睛接触:提起眼睑,用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。
吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
 食入:洗胃。就医。
灭火方法:尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。喷水保持火场容器冷却,直至灭火结束。处在火场中的容器若已变色或从安全泄压装置中产生声音,必须马上撤离。灭火剂:抗溶性泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。

丙醇 海关数据

中国海关编码:2905121000

概述:
HS: 2905121000 正丙醇 退税率:9.0% 监管条件:无 增值税率:17.0% 最低关税:5.5% 普通关税:30.0%
申报要素:
品名, 成分含量, 用途, 包装
监管条件:
A.入境货物通关单B.出境货物通关单
检验检疫:
M.进口商品检验N.出口商品检验
摘要/Summary:
HS: 2905121000 propan-1-ol Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:none VAT:17.0% MFN tariff:5.5% General tariff:30.0%

丙醇 分子结构与计算化学数据

分子结构数据

1、摩尔折射率:17.48

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):75.5

3、等张比容(90.2K):168.2

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):24.5

5、极化率(10-24cm3):6.93

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):无

2.氢键供体数量:1

3.氢键受体数量:1

4.可旋转化学键数量:1

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积20.2

7.重原子数量:4

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:7.2

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

丙醇 表征图谱

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