铋,粒状 [7440-69-9]

  • 基本信息
  • 制备方法及用途
  • 物化性质
  • 安全信息
  • 毒理性
  • MSDS
  • 结构与计算化学
  • 上游产品
  • 下游产品

铋,粒状 [7440-69-9] 基本信息

中文名称:
铋,粒状 [7440-69-9] 
中文别名:
铋;
铋粉 
英文名称:
Bismuth
英文别名:
bismuth atom;
UNII-U015TT5I8H;
Bismuth;
EINECS 231-177-4 
CAS No.:
7440-69-9
分 子 式:
Bi
分 子 量:
208.98
精确分子量:
208.98000
PSA:
0.00000
MDL:
MFCD00134033
EINECS:
231-177-4
InChI:
InChI=1/Bi
危险品标志:
风险术语:
R11   
安全术语:
S16
分子结构式:
SDS:
查看

铋,粒状 [7440-69-9] 制备方法及用途

制备方法

金属铋用碳还原三氧化二铋制得,可用火法精炼和电解精炼制得高纯铋。 铋与锑一样伴生在铜、锌、金、银、镍及钴的矿石中。重要的矿石为辉铋矿Bi2S3。铋可以利用与锑几乎相同的炼制方法获得69%~95%的粗铋。粗铋的精炼有干法及湿法。 干法是:将粗铋与灼热的木炭一起在低温下熔融的熔解分离法,以及按粗铋中所含铅量加入碱式氧化锑与氢氧化钠、氯化钠、氯化钾的混合物一起熔融的助熔剂精炼法。另外,也有用氯气处理粗铋除铅及除锌的方法。这些方法,可以得到纯度99.999%以上的铋。 在湿式精炼法中,以硝酸氧化铋的沉淀法、电解法较好。用区域熔融法可以得到更高纯度的铋。 以金属铋为原料,经区域熔融法精制,制得高纯铋成品。 以天然气和石油馏分为原料,在耐火室内采取紊流扩散进行部分燃烧。

合成制备方法

金属铋用碳还原三氧化二铋制得,可用火法精炼和电解精炼制得高纯铋。

铋与锑一样伴生在铜、锌、金、银、镍及钴的矿石中。重要的矿石为辉铋矿Bi2S3。铋可以利用与锑几乎相同的炼制方法获得69%~95%的粗铋。粗铋的精炼有干法及湿法。

干法是:将粗铋与灼热的木炭一起在低温下熔融的熔解分离法,以及按粗铋中所含铅量加入碱式氧化锑与氢氧化钠、氯化钠、氯化钾的混合物一起熔融的助熔剂精炼法。另外,也有用氯气处理粗铋除铅及除锌的方法。这些方法,可以得到纯度99.999%以上的铋。

在湿式精炼法中,以硝酸氧化铋的沉淀法、电解法较好。用区域熔融法可以得到更高纯度的铋。

以金属铋为原料,经区域熔融法精制,制得高纯铋成品。
以天然气和石油馏分为原料,在耐火室内采取紊流扩散进行部分燃烧。

用途简介

1.主要用于制备化合物半导体材料、热电制冷材料、焊料以及核反应堆中的液态冷却载体等。

用途

1.主要用于制备化合物半导体材料、热电制冷材料、焊料以及核反应堆中的液态冷却载体等。

铋,粒状 [7440-69-9] 物化性质

外观与性状:
银色-灰色或微红的金属,或黑色粉末
密度:
9.8 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
熔点:
271 °C(lit.)
沸点:
1560 °C(lit.)
水溶解性:
insoluble
存储条件/存储方法:
库房通风低温干燥,与食品原料酸,铝,卤素等分开存放
稳定性相关:

在常温下稳定,加热则呈淡蓝色火焰而燃烧,并生成黄色或褐色氧化铋。熔融的金属经凝结后体积增大。避免与氧化物、卤素、酸、卤间化合物接触。
其它信息:

1.      性状:银白色或微红色金属,有金属光泽,性脆质硬,斜方晶系粗粒结晶。

2.      密度(g/mL,20℃):9.80

3.      相对蒸汽密度(g/mL,空气=1):未确定

4.      熔点(ºC):271.4

5.      沸点(ºC,常压):1560±5

铋,粒状 [7440-69-9] 安全信息

包装等级:
III
风险类别:
8
海关代码:
8106009090
WGK_Germany:
1
德国有关水污染物质的分类清单
危险类别码:
R11
安全说明:
S16-S45-S36/37/39-S26
RTECS号:
EB2600000
危险标志:
F:Flammable

铋,粒状 [7440-69-9] 毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
EB2600000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Bismuth
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
7440-69-9
LAST UPDATED :
199712
DATA ITEMS CITED :
11
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
Bi
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
208.98

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
221 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 30(6),16,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
10 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 30(6),16,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
535 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - food intake (animal) Behavioral - coma Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,121,1926 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ADSYAF Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology. (Chicago, IL) V.1-62, 1920-50. For publisher information, see ARDEAC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,797,1932 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PTPAD4 Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Part A: Chemotherapy, Toxicology and Metabolic Inhibitors. (Oxford, UK) V.1-2, 1976-78. For publisher information, see PHTHDT. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,153,1976 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 12783 No. of Facilities: 365 (estimated) No. of Industries: 11 No. of Occupations: 35 No. of Employees: 20336 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 12783 No. of Facilities: 451 (estimated) No. of Industries: 14 No. of Occupations: 34 No. of Employees: 14666 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 4387 (estimated)
毒理学数据:

1、急性毒性:大鼠经口LD50:5 mg/kg;人LDLo:221mg/kg;小鼠经口LD50:10mg/kg;兔子LDLo:535mg/kg
生态数据:

通常来说对水是没有危害的。

铋,粒状 [7440-69-9] MSDS


SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking
  Product identifiers
    Product name        : Bismuth    
    REACH No.        : A registration number is not available for this substance as the substance    
    or its uses are exempted from registration, the annual tonnage does not
    require a registration or the registration is envisaged for a later
    registration deadline.
    CAS-No.        : 7440-69-9    
  Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
    Identified uses        : Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances    
  
  

SECTION 2: Hazards identification
  Classification of the substance or mixture
    Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
    This substance is not classified as dangerous according to Directive 67/548/EEC.
  Label elements
    The product does not need to be labelled in accordance with EC directives or respective national laws.
  Other hazards - none

SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients
  Substances
    Formula        : Bi    
    Molecular Weight        : 208,98 g/mol    
    CAS-No.        : 7440-69-9    
    EC-No.        : 231-177-4    
    No components need to be disclosed according to the applicable regulations.

SECTION 4: First aid measures
  Description of first aid measures
  If inhaled
    If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
  In case of skin contact
    Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
  In case of eye contact
    Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
  If swallowed
    Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
  Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
    The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section 2.2) and/or in
    section 11
  Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
    no data available

SECTION 5: Firefighting measures
  Extinguishing media
  Suitable extinguishing media
    Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
  Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
    Bismuth oxides
  Advice for firefighters
    Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
  Further information
    no data available

SECTION 6: Accidental release measures
  Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
    Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
    For personal protection see section 8.
  Environmental precautions
    No special environmental precautions required.
  Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
    Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
  Reference to other sections
    For disposal see section 13.

SECTION 7: Handling and storage
  Precautions for safe handling
    Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.
    For precautions see section 2.2.
  Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
    Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
  Specific end use(s)
    Apart from the uses mentioned in section 1.2 no other specific uses are stipulated

SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection
  Control parameters
  Components with workplace control parameters
  Exposure controls
  Appropriate engineering controls
    General industrial hygiene practice.
  Personal protective equipment
  Eye/face protection
    Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards
    such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
  Skin protection
    Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique
    (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of
    contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
    Wash and dry hands.
    The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and
    the standard EN 374 derived from it.
    Full contact
    Material: Nitrile rubber
    Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
    Break through time: 480 min
    Material tested:Dermatril® (KCL 740 / Z677272, Size M)
    Splash contact
    Material: Nitrile rubber
    Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
    Break through time: 480 min
    Material tested:Dermatril® (KCL 740 / Z677272, Size M)
    data source: KCL GmbH, D-36124 Eichenzell, phone +49 (0)6659 87300,     test method: EN374
    If used in solution, or mixed with other substances, and under conditions which differ from EN 374,
    contact the supplier of the CE approved gloves. This recommendation is advisory only and must
    be evaluated by an industrial hygienist and safety officer familiar with the specific situation of
    anticipated use by our customers. It should not be construed as offering an approval for any
    specific use scenario.
  Body Protection
    Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous
    substances, and to the specific work-place., The type of protective equipment must be selected
    according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
  Respiratory protection
    Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired,
    use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and
    approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
  Control of environmental exposure
    No special environmental precautions required.

SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties
  Information on basic physical and chemical properties
    a) Appearance        Form: granular    
    Colour: light grey
    b) Odour        odourless    
    c) Odour Threshold        no data available    
    d) pH        no data available    
    e) Melting point/freezing        Melting point/range: 271 °C    
    point        Melting point/range: 272 °C    
    f) Initial boiling point and 1.560 °C
    boiling range
    g) Flash point        no data available    
    h) Evapouration rate        no data available    
    i) Flammability (solid, gas) no data available
    j) Upper/lower        no data available    
    flammability or
    explosive limits
    k) Vapour pressure        < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C    
    l) Vapour density        no data available    
    m) Relative density        9,8 g/mL at 25 °C    
    n) Water solubility        insoluble    
    o) Partition coefficient: n- no data available
    octanol/water
    p) Auto-ignition        no data available    
    temperature
    q) Decomposition        no data available    
    temperature
    r) Viscosity        no data available    
    s) Explosive properties        no data available    
    t) Oxidizing properties        no data available    
  Other safety information
    no data available

SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity
  Reactivity
    no data available
  Chemical stability
    Stable under recommended storage conditions.
  Possibility of hazardous reactions
    no data available
  Conditions to avoid
    no data available
  Incompatible materials
    Oxidizing agents, Halogens, acids
  Hazardous decomposition products
    Other decomposition products - no data available
    In the event of fire: see section 5

SECTION 11: Toxicological information
  Information on toxicological effects
  Acute toxicity
    LD50 Oral - rat - male and female - 2.000 mg/kg
    (OECD Test Guideline 401)
  Skin corrosion/irritation
    no data available
  Serious eye damage/eye irritation
    no data available
  Respiratory or skin sensitisation
    no data available
  Germ cell mutagenicity
    no data available
  Carcinogenicity
    IARC:        No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as    
    probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.
  Reproductive toxicity
    no data available
  Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
    no data available
  Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
    no data available
  Aspiration hazard
    no data available
  Additional Information
    Repeated dose toxicity - rat - male and female - Gavage - No observed adverse effect level - 1.000 mg/kg
    RTECS: EB2600000
    Kidney disorders, Liver disorders, Dermatitis

SECTION 12: Ecological information
  Toxicity
    Toxicity to daphnia and static test EC50 - Daphnia magna (Water flea) - > 100 mg/l - 48 h
    other aquatic        (OECD Test Guideline 202)    
    invertebrates
  Persistence and degradability
    no data available
  Bioaccumulative potential
    no data available
  Mobility in soil
    no data available
  Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
    PBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/not conducted
  Other adverse effects
    no data available

SECTION 13: Disposal considerations
  Waste treatment methods
  Product
    Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
  Contaminated packaging
    Dispose of as unused product.

SECTION 14: Transport information
  UN number
    ADR/RID: -        IMDG: -        IATA: -    
  UN proper shipping name
    ADR/RID: Not dangerous goods
    IMDG: Not dangerous goods
    IATA:        Not dangerous goods    
  Transport hazard class(es)
    ADR/RID: -        IMDG: -        IATA: -    
  Packaging group
    ADR/RID: -        IMDG: -        IATA: -    
  Environmental hazards
    ADR/RID: no        IMDG Marine pollutant: no        IATA: no    
  Special precautions for user
    no data available



SECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
N/A


SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

铋,粒状 [7440-69-9] 分子结构与计算化学数据

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):无

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:0

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积0

7.重原子数量:1

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:0

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

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