硝基甲烷

  • 基本信息
  • 制备方法及用途
  • 物化性质
  • 安全信息
  • 毒理性
  • MSDS
  • 海关数据
  • 结构与计算化学
  • 上游产品
  • 下游产品
  • 表征图谱

硝基甲烷 基本信息

中文名称:
硝基甲烷 
中文别名:
硝基甲烷;
一硝基甲烷 
英文名称:
Nitromethane
英文别名:
nitromethane;
nitro-methane;
Nitrocarbol;
Nitromethane;
Methane,nitro;
nitroemethane;
Nitrometan;
EINECS 200-876-6 
CAS No.:
75-52-5
分 子 式:

CH3NO2

分 子 量:
61.04
精确分子量:
61.01640
PSA:
45.82000
MDL:
MFCD00007400
EINECS:
200-876-6
BRN:
1698205
InChI:
InChI=1/CH3NO2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3
危险品标志:


HarmfulXn

风险术语:

R10;R22;R5

安全术语:
S41
分子结构式:
SDS:
查看

硝基甲烷 制备方法及用途

制备方法

1.甲烷气相硝化法将稀硝酸喷成雾状使之气化,与经过预热的甲烷(天然气)混合,使硝酸、甲烷、水蒸气保持一定比例。混合气进入以熔盐为加热介质的管道反应器中,在常压和450-550℃条件下直接硝化。反应生成物经冷凝和水吸收,得到的硝基甲烷水溶液经蒸馏得粗硝基甲烷,再经洗涤、精馏即得成品。每吨产品消耗工业级硝酸5500kg,天然气(CH4>95%)20000m3(标准状况下)。 2.硫酸二甲酯与亚硝酸钠反应法将亚硝酸钠和硫酸二甲酯加入反应器中进行反应,反应产物经冷凝、蒸馏、冷却分层得成品。此外,还可以采用亚硝酸钠与氯乙酸钠反应,再加热制得。亚硝酸盐与卤代烷反应制得。在工业上也可用其他低碳烷烃(乙烷、丙烷)直接氯相硝化,但反应生成物是硝基甲烷、硝基乙烷、硝基丙烷的混合物。 精制方法:根据合成方法不同,除含有水、硝基乙烷、硝基丙烷和2 硝基丙烷外,还可能含有醛、醇等杂质。精制时用无水硫酸钠、硫酸镁或氯化钙干燥,然后分馏。其他的精制方法有:在1000mL硝基甲烷中加入150mL浓硫酸,放置1~2天,分别用水、碳酸钠水溶液和水洗涤,然后用无水硫酸镁干燥数日,过滤后加入无水硫酸钙放置,使用前进行分馏。也可以将硝基甲烷同活性炭回流24小时,同时不断向液体中通入氮气,滤去悬浮物,用无水硫酸钠干燥、蒸馏,将馏出物通过一个填有活性氧化铝的柱后再蒸馏即得纯品。 3.将工业品硝基甲烷于13.3kPa下精馏,可得纯度为99.98%的纯品硝基甲烷。 4.将亚硝酸钠和硫酸二甲酯混合后,进行反应: 反应产物经冷凝,水蒸气蒸馏,静置分层而得成品。该法工艺简便,反应温度较低,设备腐蚀性小,产品纯度较高,优级品含量可达99%以上。 5.将碳酸钠溶液加到15℃左右的氯乙酸冷溶液中,使溶液ph=8~9,温度控制在20℃以下,然后加入42%的亚硝酸钠溶液,混合均匀后,在带有回流装置的反应器中缓慢加热至产生二氧化碳气体,停止加热,让反应自动进行: 整个反应过程中,控制反应温度在80~110℃之间,由于反应放热,当温度超过85℃,应停止加热。90℃时,就有硝基甲烷和水同时蒸出,收集馏出物,静置分层,弃去水层,用无水氯化钙干燥油层后,常压蒸馏,收集100~101℃馏分,即为成品。

合成制备方法

1.甲烷气相硝化法将稀硝酸喷成雾状使之气化,与经过预热的甲烷(天然气)混合,使硝酸、甲烷、水蒸气保持一定比例。混合气进入以熔盐为加热介质的管道反应器中,在常压和450-550℃条件下直接硝化。反应生成物经冷凝和水吸收,得到的硝基甲烷水溶液经蒸馏得粗硝基甲烷,再经洗涤、精馏即得成品。每吨产品消耗工业级硝酸5500kg,天然气(CH4>95%)20000m3(标准状况下)。

2.硫酸二甲酯与亚硝酸钠反应法将亚硝酸钠和硫酸二甲酯加入反应器中进行反应,反应产物经冷凝、蒸馏、冷却分层得成品。此外,还可以采用亚硝酸钠与氯乙酸钠反应,再加热制得。亚硝酸盐与卤代烷反应制得。在工业上也可用其他低碳烷烃(乙烷、丙烷)直接氯相硝化,但反应生成物是硝基甲烷、硝基乙烷、硝基丙烷的混合物。

精制方法:根据合成方法不同,除含有水、硝基乙烷、硝基丙烷和2硝基丙烷外,还可能含有醛、醇等杂质。精制时用无水硫酸钠、硫酸镁或氯化钙干燥,然后分馏。其他的精制方法有:在1000mL硝基甲烷中加入150mL浓硫酸,放置1~2天,分别用水、碳酸钠水溶液和水洗涤,然后用无水硫酸镁干燥数日,过滤后加入无水硫酸钙放置,使用前进行分馏。也可以将硝基甲烷同活性炭回流24小时,同时不断向液体中通入氮气,滤去悬浮物,用无水硫酸钠干燥、蒸馏,将馏出物通过一个填有活性氧化铝的柱后再蒸馏即得纯品。

3.将工业品硝基甲烷于13.3kPa下精馏,可得纯度为99.98%的纯品硝基甲烷。

4.将亚硝酸钠和硫酸二甲酯混合后,进行反应:

反应产物经冷凝,水蒸气蒸馏,静置分层而得成品。该法工艺简便,反应温度较低,设备腐蚀性小,产品纯度较高,优级品含量可达99%以上。

5.将碳酸钠溶液加到15℃左右的氯乙酸冷溶液中,使溶液ph=8~9,温度控制在20℃以下,然后加入42%的亚硝酸钠溶液,混合均匀后,在带有回流装置的反应器中缓慢加热至产生二氧化碳气体,停止加热,让反应自动进行:

整个反应过程中,控制反应温度在80~110℃之间,由于反应放热,当温度超过85℃,应停止加热。90℃时,就有硝基甲烷和水同时蒸出,收集馏出物,静置分层,弃去水层,用无水氯化钙干燥油层后,常压蒸馏,收集100~101℃馏分,即为成品。

用途简介

1.硝基甲烷有较大的极性,能与许多有机化合物互溶,是一种良好的溶剂,可用作硝酸纤维素、醋酸纤维素、乙烯基树脂、聚丙烯酸酯涂料和蜂蜡等的溶剂。 2.可用于制取炸药、火箭、燃料、医药、染料、杀虫剂、杀菌剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂和汽油添加剂等。在胶黏剂中主要作为溶剂极性使用,可与许多有机化合物互溶,能溶解纤维素衍生物、树脂、染料、油脂等,特别是对硝基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、聚丙烯腈、聚酯、蜡制物等有很好的溶解能力。 3.用作气雾推进剂、火箭燃料和制造炸药、染料等。 4.用作溶剂、火箭燃料、汽油添加剂以及用于有机合成。

用途

1.硝基甲烷有较大的极性,能与许多有机化合物互溶,是一种良好的溶剂,可用作硝酸纤维素、醋酸纤维素、乙烯基树脂、聚丙烯酸酯涂料和蜂蜡等的溶剂。

2.可用于制取炸药、火箭、燃料、医药、染料、杀虫剂、杀菌剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂和汽油添加剂等。在胶黏剂中主要作为溶剂极性使用,可与许多有机化合物互溶,能溶解纤维素衍生物、树脂、染料、油脂等,特别是对硝基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、聚丙烯腈、聚酯、蜡制物等有很好的溶解能力。

3.用作气雾推进剂、火箭燃料和制造炸药、染料等。

4.用作溶剂、火箭燃料、汽油添加剂以及用于有机合成。[27]

硝基甲烷 物化性质

外观与性状:
无色液体
密度:
1.1371
熔点:
-29ºC
沸点:
100-102ºC
闪点:
35ºC
水溶解性:
9.5 g/100 mL (20℃)
折射率:
1.3805-1.3825
存储条件/存储方法:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、碱类分开存放
稳定性相关:

1.无色油状液体。能与醇、醚、四氯化碳、二甲基甲酰胺等有机溶剂混溶。能溶解染料、油脂、蜡、纤维素衍生物、树脂等,特别是对硝酸纤维素、醋酸纤维素有良好的溶解能力。能溶解芳烃,但不与烷烃、环烷烃相混合。这种选择特性可用于烃的分离,润滑油的精制。硝基甲烷和所有的硝基烷烃都容易溶解无水三氯化铝,能够制得含量约50%的溶液。溶解后形成的加成产物AlCl3-RNO2用于烃类的烷基化反应中,其催化作用比三氯化铝强。其水溶液呈弱酸性。本品易燃、易爆。操作时需穿戴防护用具。不吸湿,激烈撞击时有爆炸危险。

2.化学性质:用石蕊试纸检验硝基甲烷水溶液呈酸性,即0.01mol/L的水溶液pH 6.12;饱和水溶液pH 4.01;水饱和的硝基甲烷pH 4.82。硝基甲烷有互变异构,含有微量的酸硝式结构,在水中的互变异构常数KT=1.1×10-17。酸硝式中氧原子上的氢原子相当活泼,容易生成质子,因此显酸性,能与强碱作用生成盐。硝基甲烷与氢氧化钠形成的钠盐有爆炸性,此钠盐能与醛类发生亲核加成,生成β-硝基醇,例如在碱性溶液中与甲醛加成得到β-硝基乙醇。β-硝基醇容易脱水变成不饱和硝基化合物,例如硝基甲烷与苯甲醛生成ω-硝基苯乙烯。此外,硝基甲烷可以还原生成甲胺。

3.稳定性[21]  稳定

4.禁配物[22]  强还原剂、酸类、碱类、卤代烷烃、金属氢化物、金属烷氧化物、氨、胺类等

5.避免接触的条件[23]  震动、受热

6.聚合危害[24]  不聚合

7.分解产物[25]  氮氧化物

其它信息:

1.性状:无色油状液体,水果香味。[1]

2.pH值:6.12(0.01mol/L水溶液)[2]

3.熔点(℃):-29[3]

4.沸点(℃):101.2[4]

5.相对密度(水=1):1.14[5]

6.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):2.11[6]

7.饱和蒸气压(kPa):3.71(20℃)[7]

8.燃烧热(kJ/mol):-708.1[8]

9.临界温度(℃):315[9]

10.临界压力(MPa):6.30[10]

11.辛醇/水分配系数:-0.35[11]

12.闪点(℃):35(CC)[12]

13.引燃温度(℃):418[13]

14.爆炸上限(%):63.0[14]

15.爆炸下限(%):7.1[15]

16.溶解性:微溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚、二甲基甲酰胺。[16]

硝基甲烷 安全信息

包装等级:
II
海关代码:
2904209090
危险类别码:
R10;R22;R5
安全说明:
S41
安全标志:
S41:当发生火灾和/或爆炸时,不要吸入烟雾。
危险标志:
Xn:Harmful

硝基甲烷 毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
PA9800000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Methane, nitro-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
75-52-5
LAST UPDATED :
199712
DATA ITEMS CITED :
49
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C-H3-N-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
61.05
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
WN1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
940 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(9),9,1967
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
12750 mg/m3/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0516767
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
BSPLA9 Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Lille. (Societe de Pharmacie du Lille, 3, rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59045 Lille, Franch) V.1- 1945- Volume(issue)/page/year: (1),29,1973
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
950 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(9),9,1967
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
18 gm/m3/2H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,93,1982
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
110 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
KHFZAN Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal. Chemical Pharmaceutical Journal. For English translation, see PCJOAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(6),53,1976
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
125 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in both tubules and glomeruli Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal
REFERENCE :
AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,102,1955
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,102,1955
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION :
1000 ppm
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
INMEAF Industrial Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.1-18, 1932-49. For publisher information, see IOHSA5. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,441,1947
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
750 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,315,1940
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
5000 ppm/6H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,315,1940
TYPE OF TEST :
LD - Lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
>2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0516767
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
750 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,102,1955
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
5000 ppm/3H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,315,1940 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2275 mg/kg/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - alteration of classical conditioning Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(9),9,1967
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
10500 uL/kg/15W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,102,1955
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
100 ppm/7H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0530024
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
375 ppm/6H/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - structural change in nerve or sheath Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - deviated nasal septum
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-461,1997
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1500 ppm/6H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - normocytic anemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-461,1997
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1500 ppm/6H/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Liver - changes in liver weight
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-461,1997
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
188 ppm/6H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - deviated nasal septum Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-461,1997
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
2275 mg/kg/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - alteration of classical conditioning Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(9),9,1967 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
188 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-461,1997
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
750 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - tumors Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-461,1997 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 50 mg/m3 (20 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,187,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-DENMARK:TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (375 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 50910 No. of Facilities: 849 (estimated) No. of Industries: 19 No. of Occupations: 22 No. of Employees: 14084 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 50910 No. of Facilities: 5853 (estimated) No. of Industries: 108 No. of Occupations: 92 No. of Employees: 134803 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 46338 (estimated)
毒理学数据:

1.急性毒性[17]

LD50:940mg/kg(大鼠经口);1440mg/kg(小鼠经口)

2.刺激性 暂无资料

3.致癌性[18] IARC致癌性评论:G2B,可疑人类致癌物。

生态数据:

1.生态毒性[19]

LC50:460mg/L(48h)(斑马鱼,静态);<278mg/L(96h)(黑头呆鱼,静态)

2.生物降解性[20] 密封瓶试验,初始浓度2ppm,4周后降解4%,初始浓度10ppm,4周后降解5%。

3.非生物降解性 暂无资料

硝基甲烷 MSDS

第一部分:化学品名称

硝基甲烷 海关数据

中国海关编码:2904209090

概述:
2904209090 其他仅含硝基或亚硝基的衍生物。监管条件:无。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最惠国关税:5.5%。普通关税:30.0%
申报要素:
品名, 成分含量, 用途
摘要/Summary:
2904209090 derivatives containing only nitro or only nitroso groups。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:5.5%。General tariff:30.0%

硝基甲烷 分子结构与计算化学数据

分子结构数据

1、摩尔折射率:12.70

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):57.8

3、等张比容(90.2K):130.4

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):25.9

5、极化率(10-24cm3):5.03

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):0.1

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:2

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:2

6.拓扑分子极性表面积45.8

7.重原子数量:4

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:27.5

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

硝基甲烷 下游产品

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