溴甲烷

外观与性状：

无色气体带有一种像氯仿一样的气味

密度：

3.3 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

熔点：

−94 °C(lit.)

沸点：

4 °C(lit.)

闪点：

-34 °C

水溶解性：

1.522 g/100 mL

折射率：

1.4432

蒸汽密度：

3.3 (20 °C, vs air)

存储条件/存储方法：

库房通风低温干燥,轻装轻卸,与助燃气体分开存放

稳定性相关：

1.稳定性^[26]  稳定

2.禁配物^[27]  强氧化剂、碱金属或活性金属粉末（如镁、铝等）、二甲亚砜等

3.聚合危害^[28]  不聚合

4.分解产物^[29]  溴化氢

其它信息：

1.性状：无色气体，有甜味。^[1]

2.熔点（℃）：-93.6^[2]

3.沸点（℃）：3.6^[3]

4.相对密度（水=1）：1.73^[4]

5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：3.3^[5]

6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：215.5（25℃）^[6]

7.燃烧热（kJ/mol）：-787.0^[7]

8.临界温度（℃）：194^[8]

9.临界压力（MPa）：8.45^[9]

10.辛醇/水分配系数：1.19^[10]

11.闪点（℃）：-44^[11]

12.引燃温度（℃）：537^[12]

13.爆炸上限（%）：16.0^[13]

14.爆炸下限（%）：10.0^[14]

15.溶解性：不溶于水，溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿、苯等多数有机溶剂。^[15]

16.熔化热（KJ/mol,179.48K）：5.98

17.生成热（KJ/mol,25ºC,气体）：34.3

18.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),-13ºC）：0.825

19.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),25ºC,定压）：0.448

20.电导率（S/m,0ºC）：122×10^-10

21.溶解度（%,水,20ºC）：1.75

22.热导率（W/(m·K),20ºC）：7.1176×10^-3

23.体膨胀系数（K^-1,-15~3ºC）：0.00163

24.Lennard-Jones参数（A）：8.153

25.Lennard-Jones参数（K）：162.2

26.溶度参数(J·cm^-3)^0.5：19.951

27.van der Waals面积（cm²·mol^-1）：4.200×10⁹

28.van der Waals体积（cm³·mol^-1）：28.070

风险类别：

2.3

海关代码：

2903399020

WGK_Germany：

3
德国有关水污染物质的分类清单

危险类别码：

R23/25;R36/37/38;R48/20;R50;R59;R68

安全说明：

S15-S27-S36/39-S38-S45-S59-S61-S36/37-S26-S24-S16-S7

RTECS号：

PA4900000

危险标志：

T:Toxic

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :

PA4900000

CHEMICAL NAME :

Methane, bromo-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :

74-83-9

LAST UPDATED :

199801

DATA ITEMS CITED :

78

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C-H3-Br

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

94.95

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

E1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

60000 ppm/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - change in clotting factors

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

35 ppm

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - anorexia (human) Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Skin and Appendages - corrosive (after topical exposure)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

35 gm/m3/40M-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, irritative (after systemic exposure)

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

214 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

302 ppm/8H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

135 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1540 mg/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

28900 mg/m3/30M

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

300 ppm/9H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Skin and Appendages - hair

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

21840 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Skin and Appendages - hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

120 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

150 ppm/6H/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal excretion)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

160 ppm/6H/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Cardiac - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

300 ppm/4H/3W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - ataxia Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

200 ppm/6H/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

120 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

160 ppm/6H/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Endocrine - other changes Blood - changes in spleen

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :

250 mg/m3/8H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

130 mg/m3/8H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

850 mg/m3/8H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

3250 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - peritonitis Gastrointestinal - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :

Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :

Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :

Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :

Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Mutation in mammalian somatic cells

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 155,41,1985 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 3.9 mg/m3 (1 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,187,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,187,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,245,1987 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 15 ppm (60 mg/m3) (skin) DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,23,1973 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):CL 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):CL 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):CL 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):CL 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 5 ppm (19 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 15 ppm (60 mg/m3);STEL 25 ppm (97 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 20 ppm (80 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 15 ppm (60 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (80 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO METHYL BROMIDE-air:CA lowest feasible concentration REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M0420 No. of Facilities: 597 (estimated) No. of Industries: 10 No. of Occupations: 14 No. of Employees: 15899 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M0420 No. of Facilities: 513 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 5603 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 975 (estimated)

毒理学数据：

1.急性毒性^[16] 

LD50：214mg/kg（大鼠经口）

LC50：302ppm（大鼠吸入，8h）；1540mg/m³（小鼠吸入，2h）

2.刺激性  暂无资料

3.亚急性与慢性毒性^[17]  吸入389mg/m³，98次，大鼠肺部从正常到严重肺炎，猴严重抽搐，豚鼠肺部无变化。

4.致突变性^[18]  微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌400ppm。姐妹染色单体交换：人淋巴细胞5mg/L。微核试验：大鼠吸入338ppm，每天6h，共14d。细胞遗传学分析：人淋巴细胞95mg/L。

5.致癌性^[19]  IARC致癌性评论：G3，对人及动物致癌性证据不足。

6.其他^[20]  TDLo：35000mg/m³（人经皮肤，40min）；LCLo：60000ppm（人吸入，2h）；TCLo：35ppm（人吸入）

生态数据：

1.生态毒性^[21]  LC50：11~12mg/L（96h）（鱼类）

2.生物降解性^[22]

好氧生物降解（h）：168~672

厌氧生物降解（h）：672~2688

3.非生物降解性^[23]

空气中光氧化半衰期（h）：1633~16327

一级水解半衰期（h）：912

4.生物富集性^[24]  BCF：270（理论）

5.其他有害作用^[25] 该物质对环境有危害，臭氧消耗物质，会对大气臭氧层造成破坏。

中国海关编码：2903399020

概述：

2903399020 溴甲烷〔别名甲基溴〕。监管条件:14abxy。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:0.0%。最低关税:5.5%。普通关税:30.0%

申报要素：

品名, 成分含量, 用途

监管条件：

1.进口许可证4.出口许可证A.入境货物通关单B.出境货物通关单x.出口许可证(加工贸易)y.出口许可证(边境小额贸易)

检验检疫：

M.进口商品检验N.出口商品检验

摘要/Summary：

2903399020 bromomethane。supervision conditions:14abxy。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:0.0%。MFN tarrif:5.5%。general tariff:30.0%

分子结构数据

1、摩尔折射率：14.41

2、摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：58.2

3、等张比容（90.2K）：124.0

4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：20.6

5、介电常数：

6、偶极距（10-24cm3）：

7、极化率：5.71

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:1

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:0

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积0

7.重原子数量:2

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:2

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

• 
  溴甲烷核磁图(¹HNMR)
• 
  溴甲烷质谱(MS)