碘化铵

  • 基本信息
  • 制备方法及用途
  • 物化性质
  • 安全信息
  • 毒理性
  • MSDS
  • 结构与计算化学
  • 表征图谱

碘化铵 基本信息

中文名称:
碘化铵 
中文别名:
碘化铵;
碘化胺 
英文名称:
Ammonium iodide
英文别名:
ammonium iodide;
Ammonium iodide;
azanium,iodide 
CAS No.:
12027-06-4
分 子 式:

NH4I

分 子 量:
144.94
精确分子量:
144.93900
PSA:
3.24000
MDL:
MFCD00011424
EINECS:
234-717-7
InChI:
InChI=1/HI.H3N/h1H;1H3
危险品标志:

 

风险术语:

R36/37/38

安全术语:

S26

分子结构式:
SDS:
查看

碘化铵 制备方法及用途

制备方法

1.中和法将碘和赤磷加入盛有水的反应器中,在搅拌下进行反应,把反应溶液经仔细过滤后,进行蒸馏,收集125~130℃的馏分,得到氢碘酸,通入氨气使氢碘酸全部被中和至Ph值8~9时,停止通入氨气。把溶液过滤后,进行水浴真空蒸发,直至结晶大部分析出为止。经冷却、离心分离、在50~60℃干燥,制得碘化铵成品。其反应方程式如下:如果成品颜色发黄,可用酒精洗涤处理。将氨气通入氢碘酸中,使氢碘酸全部被中和至pH值为8~9时,停止通入氨气。将溶液过滤后进行真空蒸发,直至大部分结晶由溶液中析出为止,再冷却、干燥,即得成品。2.硫化铵法 系将碘与硫化铵作用而得。直接法 在碘中加入氨水及过氧化氢水溶液,溶液经蒸发结晶而得。

合成制备方法

1.中和法

用途简介

用作分析试剂。制造碘化物及照相制版。是制造无机碘化物的原料。可作照相胶卷和底版的感光乳剂。医药工业用于制造祛痰剂和利尿剂。 用作化学分析试剂。 用作制备碘化物的原料、照相胶卷和底版的感光剂、祛痰剂、利尿剂、分析试剂。

用途

1.用作分析试剂。制造碘化物及照相制版。  

碘化铵 物化性质

外观与性状:
白色结晶粉末
密度:
2.51
熔点:
551 °C
沸点:
69.4ºC at 760 mmHg
折射率:
1.7031
蒸汽压:
5990mmHg at 25°C
存储条件/存储方法:

1.应贮存在阴凉、避光、干燥的库房内。瓶口必须密封。

2.运输时要防雨淋和日晒。装卸时要轻拿轻放,严禁振动、撞击。失火时,可用沙土、二氧化碳灭火器扑救。

稳定性相关:

1.具有潮解性和感光性,遇光和空气能析出游离碘而呈黄色甚至褐色。551℃升华。
其它信息:

1.       性状:无色立方晶系结晶或白色结晶性粉末。无臭、味咸。易潮解。露光和在空气中易析出碘而色变黄。

2.       密度(g/mL,25/4℃):2.514

3.       相对蒸汽密度(g/mL,空气=1):未确定

4.       熔点(ºC):551(升华)

5.       沸点(ºC,常压):220(真空中)

6.       沸点(ºC,5.2kPa):未确定

7.       折射率:未确定

8.       闪点(ºC):未确定

9.       比旋光度(º):未确定

10.    自燃点或引燃温度(ºC):未确定

11.    蒸气压(kPa,25ºC):未确定

12.    饱和蒸气压(kPa,60ºC):未确定

13.    燃烧热(KJ/mol):未确定

14.    临界温度(ºC):未确定

15.    临界压力(KPa):未确定

16.    油水(辛醇/水)分配系数的对数值:未确定

17.    爆炸上限(%,V/V):未确定

18.    爆炸下限(%,V/V):未确定

19.    溶解性:1g产品溶于0.6ml冷水、0.5ml沸水、3.7ml乙醇、1.5ml甘油、2.5ml甲醇。0.1mol/L水溶液的pH为4.6。加热时部分升华和部分分解。水溶液应加稳定剂1%次磷酸铵,否则易变为黄色。

碘化铵 安全信息

海关代码:
2827600000
WGK_Germany:
3
德国有关水污染物质的分类清单
危险类别码:
R36/37/38
安全说明:
S26
安全标志:
S26:万一接触眼睛,立即使用大量清水冲洗并送医诊治。
危险标志:
Xi: Irritant;

碘化铵 毒理性

毒理学数据:

主要的刺激性影响:

在皮肤上面:刺激皮肤和粘膜;

在眼睛上面:刺激的影响;

致敏作用:没有已知的敏化现象。

生态数据:

通常对水体是稍微有害的,不要将未稀释或大量产品接触地下水,水道或污水系统,未经政府许可勿将材料排入周围环境。

碘化铵 MSDS

Name: Ammonium Iodide P.A. Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym: None known
CAS: 12027-06-4
Section 1 - Chemical Product   MSDS Name:Ammonium Iodide P.A. Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:None known

Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
CAS# Chemical Name content EINECS#
12027-06-4 Ammonium iodide ((nh4)i) ca. 100 234-717-7
Hazard Symbols: None Listed.
Risk Phrases: None Listed.

Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
  EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air).Air sensitive.Light sensitive.The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
May cause eye irritation.
Skin:
May cause skin irritation.
Ingestion:
May cause irritation of the digestive tract. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.
Chronic ingestion of iodides during pregnancy has resulted in fetal death, severe goiter, and cretinoid appearance of the newborn.
Inhalation:
May cause respiratory tract irritation. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.
Chronic:
Chronic ingestion of iodides during pregnancy has resulted in fetal death, severe goiter, and cretinoid appearance of the newborn..
Prolonged exposure to iodides may produce iodism in sensitive individuals. Symptoms could include skin rash, running nose and headache.

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
  Eyes: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
Skin:
Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
Ingestion:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.
Notes to Physician:

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
  General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.
Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
  General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation.
Place under an inert atmosphere.

Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
  Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Store protected from light. Handle under an inert atmosphere. Store protected from air.
Storage:
Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Do not expose to air. Store protected from moisture. Store protected from light.
Store under an inert atmosphere.

Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
  Engineering Controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.
Exposure Limits CAS# 12027-06-4: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant respirator use.

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
 
Physical State: Crystals
Color: white to light yellow
Odor: None reported.
pH: 4.5-6.5, 5% aq. soln
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: Not available.
Freezing/Melting Point: 551 deg C
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Point: 405 deg C ( 761.00 deg F)
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: 405 deg C
Solubility in water: 1g/0.6ml
Specific Gravity/Density: 2.5140g/cm3
Molecular Formula: H4IN
Molecular Weight: 144.94

Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
  Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, light, dust generation, exposure to air, excess heat, strong oxidants, exposure to moist air or water.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Air, moisture, strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Oxides of nitrogen, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, hydrogen iodide.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
  RTECS#:
CAS# 12027-06-4 unlisted.
LD50/LC50:
Not available.
Carcinogenicity:
Ammonium iodide ((nh4)i) - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
 

Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
  Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION
 
IATA
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing Group:
IMO
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing Group:
RID/ADR
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing group:

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
 
European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: Not available.
Risk Phrases:
Safety Phrases:
S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 28A After contact with skin, wash immediately with
plenty of water.
S 37 Wear suitable gloves.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 12027-06-4: 1
Canada
CAS# 12027-06-4 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 12027-06-4 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 12027-06-4 is listed on the TSCA inventory.


SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

碘化铵 分子结构与计算化学数据

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):无

2.氢键供体数量:1

3.氢键受体数量:1

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积1

7.重原子数量:2

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:0

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:2

碘化铵 表征图谱

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