亚氯酸钠

  • 基本信息
  • 制备方法及用途
  • 物化性质
  • 安全信息
  • 毒理性
  • 结构与计算化学
  • 上游产品
  • 下游产品
  • 表征图谱

亚氯酸钠 基本信息

中文名称:
亚氯酸钠 
中文别名:
亚氯酸钠;
白药钠 
英文名称:
SODIUM CHLORITE
英文别名:
sodium chlorite;
sodium,chlorite;
Sodium chlorite 
CAS No.:
7758-19-2
分 子 式:

NaClO2

分 子 量:
90.44
精确分子量:
89.94850
PSA:
40.13000
MDL:
MFCD00003478
EINECS:
231-836-6
InChI:
InChI=1/ClHO2.Na/c2-1-3;/h(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1
危险品标志:

OxidizingOHarmfulXnVeryT+ToxicT

风险术语:

R8;R22;R24;R32;R34;R9;R26<

安全术语:

S17;S26;S36/37/39;S38;S45;S50A;S36;

分子结构式:
SDS:
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亚氯酸钠 制备方法及用途

制备方法

1.电解法在阳离子交换膜隔成的三室型电解槽中,将二氧化氯气体(含量15%左右,ClO2︰Cl2的摩尔比不低于15︰1)通入阴极室,溶于溶液中,在30℃左右从阴极获得亚氯酸根,阳极室中不断通入氯化钠溶液,氯离子放出电子,变成氯气逸出。钠离子则在直流电场作用下,穿过阳极膜进入阴极室与亚氯酸根结合为亚氯酸钠。溶液含量17%~23%,除去微量二氯化氯后,喷雾干燥即得成品。其反应式如下: 2.过氧化氢法用空气把原料二氧化氯稀释至10%左右,进入鼓泡式吸收器,再通过蛇管冷凝吕,向吸收器送入含量为30%的过氧化氢,并通入NaOH液(160g/L),在0~2℃反应。反应结束后,过滤,然后将滤液真空蒸发至350~400 g/L时,移至结晶器,在-5~-10℃下结晶,在70℃以下用空气干燥得成品。其反应式如右:3.由24.5g KClO3,20g草酸和21.6g H2SO4(11.8mL,相对密度1.84)与80mL水制得ClO2。把制得的ClO2通入一个盛有200mL水并用冰冷却的锥形瓶中。把橙黄色的ClO2溶液与过量的固体Ba(OH)2·8H2O,和12g 30% H2O2一起摇荡,直到溶液褪色。Ba(OH)2·8H2O较计量数过量31.6g,为了除去溶液中的CO2。抽滤,除去生成的BaCO3。滤液加热至沸,加固体Na2SO4,使过量的Ba2+都成BaSO4沉淀。抽滤除去BaSO4,把滤液在水浴上蒸至NaClO2·3H2O结晶析出。产率54%。

合成制备方法

1.电解法

在阳离子交换膜隔成的三室型电解槽中,将二氧化氯气体(含量15%左右,ClO2︰Cl2的摩尔比不低于15︰1)通入阴极室,溶于溶液中,在30℃左右从阴极获得亚氯酸根,阳极室中不断通入氯化钠溶液,氯离子放出电子,变成氯气逸出。钠离子则在直流电场作用下,穿过阳极膜进入阴极室与亚氯酸根结合为亚氯酸钠。溶液含量17%~23%,除去微量二氯化氯后,喷雾干燥即得成品。

其反应式如下:

2.过氧化氢法

用空气把原料二氧化氯稀释至10%左右,进入鼓泡式吸收器,再通过蛇管冷凝吕,向吸收器送入含量为30%的过氧化氢,并通入NaOH液(160g/L),在0~2℃反应。反应结束后,过滤,然后将滤液真空蒸发至350~400 g/L时,移至结晶器,在-5~-10℃下结晶,在70℃以下用空气干燥得成品。

其反应式如右:

3.由24.5g KClO3,20g草酸和21.6g H2SO4(11.8mL,相对密度1.84)与80mL水制得ClO2。把制得的ClO2通入一个盛有200mL水并用冰冷却的锥形瓶中。把橙黄色的ClO2溶液与过量的固体Ba(OH)2·8H2O,和12g 30% H2O2一起摇荡,直到溶液褪色。Ba(OH)2·8H2O较计量数过量31.6g,为了除去溶液中的CO2。抽滤,除去生成的BaCO3。滤液加热至沸,加固体Na2SO4,使过量的Ba2+都成BaSO4沉淀。抽滤除去BaSO4,把滤液在水浴上蒸至NaClO2·3H2O结晶析出。产率54%。

用途简介

用作漂白剂、脱色剂、清毒剂、拔染剂等。

用途

1.用于纸浆、纤维、面粉、淀粉、油脂等的漂白,饮水净化和污水处理,皮革脱毛及制取二氧化氯水溶液等。为高效漂白剂和氧化剂。主要用做纸浆、纸张和各种纤维,如棉、麻、苇类.黏胶纤维等的漂白,也可漂白砂糖、面粉、淀粉、油脂和蜡等。还用于皮革脱毛、某些金属的表面处理、饮水净化和污水处理等。可用作阴丹士林染色的拔染剂。氧化剂。杀菌剂。纯化水。织物漂白剂。

2.在食品工业中用作漂白剂。主要用于糖渍制品。亚氯酸钠的水溶液在酸性条件下具有稳定的漂白能力,可加柠檬酸调整pH值至3~5后进行漂白。漂白时需用耐蚀性容器,不得使用金属容器。日本规定限用于樱桃、蜂斗菜、葡萄和桃子。FDA(§186.1750,2000)规定仅限于与食品接触的纸,限量125~250mg/kg。

3.高效漂白剂和氧化剂。主要用作纸浆、纸张和各种纤维,如棉、麻、苇类、黏胶纤维等的漂白,也可漂白白砂糖、面粉、淀粉、油脂和蜡等。还用于皮革脱毛、某些金属的表面处理、饮水净化和污水处理等。可用作阴丹士林染色的拔染剂。

4.用于饮水净化,不残留氯气味处理污水具有杀菌、除酚、除臭作用。本品亦为高效漂白剂,用以漂白织物、纤维、纸浆,具有对纤维损伤小的特点。

亚氯酸钠 物化性质

外观与性状:
白色结晶粉末
密度:
1.28 g/cm3 (20ºC)
熔点:
190 °C (dec.)
沸点:
112ºC
水溶解性:
39 g/100 mL (17 ºC)
存储条件/存储方法:
库房通风低温干燥,与酸、可燃物分开存放
稳定性相关:

1.易溶于水(5 ℃时为34%;30℃时为46%)。无水物加热至350℃时尚不分解,一般产品因含有水分,加热到180~200℃即分解。碱性水溶液对光稳定,酸性水溶液受光影响则产生爆炸性分解,并放出二氧化氯。强氧化剂,其氧化能力为漂白粉的4~5倍,是漂粉精的2~3倍。与可燃物接触和有机物混合能引起爆炸。

2.本品粉尘对呼吸器官黏膜、 眼睛和皮肤有刺激作用。吸入本品粉尘, 因积累在体内而引起中毒, 会出现恶心、 大量呕吐、 下泻、 呼吸困难、 肾脏损害等症状.

其它信息:

1.     性状:白色结晶或结晶粉末。稍有吸湿性。

亚氯酸钠 安全信息

包装等级:
II
风险类别:
5.1
海关代码:
2828900000
WGK_Germany:
2
德国有关水污染物质的分类清单
危险类别码:
R25;R26;R32;R34;R9
安全说明:
S17-S26-S36/37/39-S45-S50A-S38-S36
RTECS号:
VZ4800000
安全标志:
S17:远离可燃物质。
S26:万一接触眼睛,立即使用大量清水冲洗并送医诊治。
S35:本物质残余以及它的容器必须用安全方式处置。
:
危险标志:
O:Oxidizingagent;T+:Verytoxic;

亚氯酸钠 毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
VZ4800000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Sodium chlorite
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
7758-19-2
LAST UPDATED :
199806
DATA ITEMS CITED :
28
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
Cl-H-O2.Na
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
91.45
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
.NA..G-O2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
165 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - interstitial nephritis Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
230 mg/m3/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
350 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
365 mg/kg/1Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
182 gm/kg/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - liver function tests impaired Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
29750 mg/kg/85W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
800 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
16 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
660 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 66 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
1130 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 8 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
160 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
80 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
22 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 28 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA inhibition
TYPE OF TEST :
Sperm Morphology
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION :
20 mg/L
REFERENCE :
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,623,1984 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,145,1991 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Available Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,145,1991 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,145,1991 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81982 No. of Facilities: 129 (estimated) No. of Industries: 8 No. of Occupations: 13 No. of Employees: 1968 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81982 No. of Facilities: 532 (estimated) No. of Industries: 20 No. of Occupations: 27 No. of Employees: 18585 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 4817 (estimated)
毒理学数据:

大鼠经口LD50:166mg/kg。土拨鼠在含有45mg/kg二氧化氯的空气中数小时可导致死亡。对呼吸器官黏膜和眼睛有刺激作用。

亚氯酸钠 分子结构与计算化学数据

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):无

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:2

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积40.1

7.重原子数量:4

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:13.5

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:2

亚氯酸钠 表征图谱

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